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Part Ⅰ 经济篇2

Unit Ⅰ Ten Principles of Economics2

1 About How people Make Decisions2

2 About How the Economy Works as A Whole3

3 About How People Interact4

Unit Ⅱ Macroeconomics10

Section 111

1 Economic Growth11

1.1 Short-term stabilization and long-term growth11

1.2 Theories on economic growth11

1.3 Positive effects of economic growth13

1.4 Negative effects of economic growth14

Section 221

2 The Business Cycle21

2.1 History21

2.2 Identifying23

2.3 Explaining24

2.4 Mitigating26

Section 335

3 Macroeconomic Policies35

3.1 Fiscal policy35

3.2 Monetary policy37

Unit Ⅲ Microeconomics48

Section 1(1～6)48

1 Overview48

2 Production and Markets48

3 Specialization and Comparative Advantages51

4 Supply and Demand52

5 Elasticity and Its Applications54

5.1 Specific elasticities55

5.2 Applications56

6 Game Theory57

6.1 introduction57

6.2 Types of games57

6.3 Application to economics and business59

Section 2(7～12)68

7 Market Failure68

8 Firms and Their Modes of Operation69

9 Opportunity Cost71

10 Labor Economics71

10.1 Notions71

10.2 Demand72

10.3 Supply72

10.4 Equilibrium73

11 Consumer Choice73

12 Applied Microeconomics74

Unit Ⅳ International Economics81

1 International Trade81

2 International Finance81

2.1 Scope and methodology81

2.2 Exchange rates and capital mobility82

2.3 Policies and Institutions83

2.4 International financial stability83

3 Migration84

4 Globalization85

Part Ⅱ 美国篇92

Unit Ⅴ The Way the U.S.Market Economy Operates92

1 A Pure Capitalist Economy?92

2 Basic Ingredients of the U.S.Economy93

3 A Mixed Economy:The Role of the Market94

4 Government's Role in the Economy96

5 Poverty and Inequality98

6 The Growth of Government99

Unit Ⅵ A Brief History of the U.S.Market Economy107

1 The Early Years of the United States107

2 Colonization108

3 The New Nation's Economy109

4 Movement South and Westward110

5 Industrial Growth110

6 Inventions,Development,and Tycoons111

7 Government Involvement112

8 The Postwar Economy:1945～1960114

9 Years of Change:The 1960s and 1970s115

10 The Economy in the 1980s116

11 The 1990s and Beyond118

12 Global Economic Integration119

Unit Ⅶ Businesses in the U.S.Market Economy128

1 The History of Business Development128

2 Small business129

2.1 The sole proprietor130

2.2 The Business partnership130

2.3 Franchising and chain stores131

3 Corporations131

3.1 Ownership of corporations132

3.2 How corporations raise capital133

3.3 Monopolies,mergers,and restructuring134

Unit Ⅷ Capital Markets of The United States144

1 Introduction to Capital Markets144

2 The Stock Exchanges145

3 A Nation of Investors146

4 How Stock Prices are Determined147

5 Market Strategies147

6 Commodities and Other Futures149

7 The Regulators149

8 "Black Monday"and the Long Bull Market150

Part Ⅲ 世贸篇160

Unit Ⅸ Basics of the World Trade Organization160

1 What is the World Trade Organization?160

1.1 Three main purposes160

1.2 A few years old,but not so young160

2 Principles of the Trading System162

2.1 Trade without discrimination162

2.2 Freer trade gradually,through negotiation163

2.3 Predictability:through binding163

2.4 Promoting fair competition164

2.5 Encouraging development and economic reform164

3 The Case for Open Trade167

4 Roots:from Havana to Marrakech171

4.1 GATT:"provisional"for almost half a century171

4.2 The Tokyo Round:a first try to reform the system172

4.3 Did GATT succeed?172

4.4 Trade Rounds:progress by package173

5 The Uruguay Round178

6 The WTO and GATT—are they the same?183

Unit Ⅹ The Dispute Settlement Mechanism186

1 Overview186

1.1 "The WTO's most individual contribution"186

1.2 Principles:equitable,fast,effective,mutually acceptable186

1.3 How long to settle a dispute?187

1.4 How are disputes settled?187

1.5 Appeals188

1.6 The case has been decided:what next?189

2 The Panel Process:Flow Chart189

3 Case Study:the Timetable in Practice191

Unit Ⅺ The Anti-Dumping Agreement196

1 Introduction196

1.1 Dumping in the GATT/WTO196

1.2 The UR Agreement197

2 Determination of Dumping200

2.1 Determination of normal value200

2.2 Determination of export price202

2.3 Fair comparison of normal value and export price202

2.4 Calculation of dumping margins and duty assessment203

3 Determination of Injury and Casual Link206

3.1 Like product206

3.2 Domestic industry206

3.3 Injury207

3.4 Elements of analysis207

4 Procedural Requirements210

4.1 Investigation210

4.2 Provisional measures and price undertakings211

4.3 Collection of duties212

4.4 Review and public notice212

参考答案215