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Chapter 1 Water Resources1

Part 1 Water1

Part 2 World Water Resources1

Part 3 Water Availability and Water Resources Deficit2

Part 4 Water Resources and Water Use3

EXPLANATIONS5

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS5

PHRASES6

COMPLICATED SENTENCES7

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY8

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)9

EXERCISE9

Word Building(1)bio-;-al,ial;-ful9

Chapter 2 Planning for Water Resources Development11

Part 1 Introduction of Planning11

Part 2 Levels of Planning12

Part 3 Process of Planning12

EXPLANATIONS13

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS13

PHRASES13

COMPLICATED SENTENCES14

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY15

EXERCISE15

Word Building(2)-able;aqu-;-less16

Chapter 3 Water Resourees for Sustainable Development17

Part 1 Introduction17

Part 2 Concluding Remarks18

EXPLANATIONS20

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS20

PHRASES20

COMPLICATED SENTENCES21

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY22

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)22

EXERCISE22

Word Building(3)bi-;de-;meg(a)-;micro-;tri-;terr-23

Chapter 4 Hydrology25

Part 1 Introduction25

Part 2 What Is Hydrology?26

EXPLANATIONS26

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS26

PHRASES27

COMPLICATED SENTENCES28

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY28

EXERCISE29

Word Building(4)hydro-;semi-;super-29

Chapter 5 Water Cycle31

Part 1 Introduction31

Part 2 Processes of Water Cycle31

Part 3 Application of Water Cycle33

EXPLANATIONS33

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS33

PHRASES34

COMPLICATED SENTENCES35

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY36

EXERCISE36

Word Building(5)-al;-ial;cycl-;mal-37

Chapter 6 Principle of Hydrograph—Unit Hydrographs38

Part 1 Introduction38

Part 2 Construction of Unit Hydrographs38

EXPLANATIONS40

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS40

PHRASES41

COMPLICATED SENTENCES42

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY43

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)43

EXERCISE43

Word Building(6)-ment;-mit;sub-44

Chapter 7 River45

Part 1 Topography45

Part 2 Classifiication46

Part 3 Uses47

EXPLANATIONS48

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS48

PHRASES48

COMPLICATED SENTENCES49

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY50

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)51

EXERCISE51

Word Building(7)alter-;circum-;-ity;sub-51

Chapter 8 Flood53

Part 1 Introduction53

Part 2 Types of Flooding54

Part 3 Cause of Flood54

Part 4 Variability of Flooding56

EXPLANATIONS57

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS57

PHRASES58

COMPLICATED SENTENCES59

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY60

EXERCISE61

Word Building(8)-age;magni-;-ous61

Chapter 9 Sediments63

Part 1 Origin and Formation63

Part 2 The Size and Shape of Sediment64

EXPLANATIONS66

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS66

PHRASES67

COMPLICATED SENTENCES67

SUMMARy OF GLOSSARY68

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)69

EXERCISE69

Word Building(9)geo-;rot-;-tion69

Chapter 10 Dams71

Part 1 Introduction71

Part 2 Types of Dams71

Part 3 Forces on Dams73

Part 4 Several Disadvantages to Dams74

EXPLANATIONS75

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS75

PHRASES76

COMPLICATED SENTENCES76

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY78

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)78

EXERCISE78

Word Building(10)dis-;multi-;non-79

Chapter 11 Levee80

Part 1 Artificial Levees80

Part 2 Natural Levees82

Part 3 Levees in Tidal Waters82

Part 4 Levee Failures and Breaches82

EXPLANATIONS83

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS83

PHRASES84

COMPLICATED SENTENCES85

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY86

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)86

EXERCISE86

Word Building(11)co-;ex-;inter-87

Chapter 12 Concrete Works88

Part 1 Materials and Equipment for Concrete Works88

Part 2 Properties of Concrete90

Part 3 Workmanship91

EXPLANATIONS92

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS92

PHRASES93

COMPLICATED SENTENCES94

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY96

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)97

EXERCISE97

Word Building(12)fin-;pre-;97

Chapter 13 Water Environment99

Part 1 Water Quality in Key River System99

Part 2 Water Quality in Lakes and Reservoirs103

Part 3 Water Quality in Ground Water104

Part 4 Where Does Wastewater Come from?105

EXPLANATIONS106

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS106

PHRASES107

COMPLICATED SENTENCES107

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY108

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)109

EXERCISE109

Word Building(13)-logy;un-110

Chapter 14 Water Poilution111

Part 1 Global Water Pollution111

Part 2 Cause of Pollution112

Part 3 Classifying Water Pollution112

Part 4 Effects and Danger of Water Pollution114

EXPLANATIONS114

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS114

PHRASES115

COMPLICATED SENTENCES116

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY118

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)119

EXERCISE119

Word Building(14)-age;ab-;a-120

Chapter 15 Climate Change121

Part 1 Introduction121

Part 2 Climate Change Factors121

EXPLANATIONS124

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS124

PHRASES125

COMPLICATED SENTENCES126

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY126

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)127

EXERCISE127

Word Building(15)ir-;in-127

Chapter 16 Irrigation129

Part 1 Introduction of Irrigation129

Part 2 Application of Irrigation in Southern Alberta130

EXPLANATIONS131

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS131

PHRASES131

COMPLICATED SENTENCES132

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY133

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)133

EXERCISE133

Word Building(16)-fication;-ly;-wise;-ward134

Chapter 17 Irrigation Methods135

Part 1 Surface Irrigation135

Part 2 Subsurface Irrigation137

Part 3 Sprinkler Irrigation138

Part 4 Trickle Irrigation138

EXPLANATIONS139

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS139

PHRASES140

COMPLICATED SENTENCES140

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY141

EXERCISE141

Word Building(17)im-;re-142

Chapter 18 Irrigation Performance Evaluation143

Part 1 Assessment of Irrigation Performance143

Part 2 Efficient Irrigation Systems:The Flow of the Future144

EXPLANATIONS147

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS147

PHRASES148

COMPLICATED SENTENCES149

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY149

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)150

EXERCISE150

Word Building(18)agr-;auto-151

Chapter 19 River Closure and Diversion in Dam Construction152

Part 1 River Closure152

Part 2 River Diversion153

EXPLANATIONS154

NEW WORDSAND EXPRESSIONS154

PHRASES154

COMPLICATED SENTENCES155

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY156

EXERCISE156

Word Building(19)electr-,electri-,electro-;pro-156

Chapter 20 Grouting158

Part 1 Grouting—General Introduction158

Part 2 Cavity Grouting Procedure158

Part 3 Fissure Grouting Procedure159

EXPLANATIONS160

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS160

PHRASES161

COMPLICATED SENTENCES161

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY161

EXERCISE162

Word Building(20)-able;counter-;-ple;uni-162

Chapter 21 Embankment and Fills164

Part 1 Introduction of Embankment164

Part 2 Placing and Protecting Fill166

EXPLANATIONS167

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS167

PHRASES168

COMPLICATED SENTENCES169

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY172

EXERCISE173

Word Building(21)-fill;-ic;-ment;under-173

Chapter 22 Hydroelectricity and Its Characteristics175

Part 1 General Introduction of Hydroelectricity175

Part 2 History of Hydropower175

Part 3 Advantages176

Part 4 Disadvantages177

EXPLANATIONS178

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS178

PHRASES178

COMPLICATED SENTENCES179

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY180

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)181

EXERCISE181

Word Building(22)dis-;hydro-;in-;re-;un-182

Chapter 23 Layout of Hydropower Plants183

Part 1 Hydroelectric Complex183

Part 2 Reservoir184

Part 3 Other Structures for Hydroelectric Architecture185

Part 4 Generating Process of Hydroelectric Power187

Part 5 Types of Hydropower Plants188

EXPLANATIONS189

NEWWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS189

PHRASES189

COMPLICATED SENTENCES190

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY191

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)192

EXERCISE192

Word Building(23)im-192

Chapter 24 Main Equipment in Hydropower Plants193

Part 1 Various Hydraulic Turbines193

Part 2 Generator Unit195

Part 3 Other Equipment197

EXPLANATIONS198

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS198

PHRASES199

COMPLICATED SENTENCES200

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY200

EXERCISE201

Word Building(24)-ance;over-201

Chapter 25 Pumped-Storage Plants203

Part 1 General Introduction203

Part 2 Performance203

Part 3 History and Development204

EXPLANATIONS205

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS205

PHRASES206

COMPLICATED SENTENCES207

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY208

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.)209

EXERCISE209

Word Building(25)a-;in-210

Chapter 26 Tidal Power Station211

Part 1 General Introduction of Tidal Power211

Part 2 Types of Tidal Power212

Part 3 Off-Shore Turbines214

EXPLANATIONS214

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS214

PHRASES215

COMPLICATED SENTENCES216

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY217

EXERCISE218

Word Building(26)anti-;inter-218

Chapter 27 Navigation and Recreation219

Part 1 Navigation and Service for Ships219

Part 2 Recreation and Scenery220

EXPLANATIONS221

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS221

PHRASES222

COMPLICATED SENTENCES223

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY223

EXERCISE224

Word Building(27)in-224

Vocabulary225

Abbreviations258

References260