制造技术—铸造、成形和焊接（英文·原书第2版）PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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1.Introduction1

1.1 Manufacturing Processes2

1.2 Breakeven Analysis3

References8

Questions8

Problems8

part A ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES13

2.Engineering Properties and Their Measurement13

2.1 Strength13

2.2 Hardness14

2.3 Ductility18

2.4 Toughness19

References20

Indian Standards20

Questions21

3.Ferrous Materials22

3.1 Iron23

3.2 Structure of Materials23

3.3 Plain Carbon Steels27

3.4 Iron Carbon Equilibrium Diagram29

3.5 Cast Irons31

3.6 Other Alloying Elements32

3.7 Steel Designation35

References37

Indian Standards38

Questions38

4.Non-Ferrous Materials40

4.1 Aluminium40

4.2 Copper41

4.3 Other Materials42

References43

Indian Standards43

Questions44

5.Heat Treatment of Metals45

5.1 Transformation Curves45

5.2 Hardening47

5.3 Tempering50

5.4 Annealing and Normalising52

5.5 Case Hardening53

5.6 Heat Treatment of Non-Ferrous Alloys55

References56

Indian Standards56

Questions56

part B METAL CASTING PROCESSES61

6.Metal Casting Processes61

6.1 History61

6.2 Advantages and Limitations62

6.3 Applications62

6.4 Casting Terms62

6.5 Sand Mould Making Procedure64

References65

Indian Standards65

Questions65

7.Patterns67

7.1 Pattern Allowances67

7.2 Core Prints73

7.3 Elimination of Details73

7.4 Pattern Materials74

7.5 Types of Patterns76

7.6 Pattern Colour Code80

References80

Indian Standards80

Questions81

Problems81

8.Moulding Materials88

8.1 Moulding Sand Composition89

8.2 Testing Sand Properties91

8.3 Sand Preparation96

8.4 Moulding Sand Properties97

8.5 Indian Sands102

8.6 Other Sands104

8.7 Fluidity107

8.8 Types of Sand Moulds109

8.9 Moulding Machines111

References112

Indian Standards112

Questions113

Problems114

9.Cores115

9.1 Core Sands116

9.2 Carbon Dioxide Moulding116

9.3 Types of Cores117

9.4 Core Prints119

9.5 Chaplets122

9.6 Forces Acting on the Moulding Flasks123

References124

Indian Standards124

Questions125

Problems125

10.Elements of Gating Systems126

10.1 Elements of a Gating System127

10.2 Gates129

10.3 Casting Yield132

References133

Questions134

11.Gating System Design135

11.1 Pouring Time136

11.2 Choke Area138

11.3 Sprue141

11.4 Other Gating Elements142

11.5 Gating Ratios144

11.6 Slag Trap Systems148

References151

Questions152

Problems152

12.Risering Design156

12.1 Caine’s Method157

12.2 Modulus Method159

12.3 Naval Research Laboratory Method163

12.4 Feeding Distances170

12.5 Chills170

12.6 Feeding Aids174

References179

Indian Standards180

Questions180

Problems180

13.Melting Practice182

13.1 Cupola182

13.2 Charge Calculations185

13.3 Other Furnaces188

13.4 Ladles189

References190

Indian Standards191

Questions191

Problems191

14.Casting Cleaning and Casting Defects194

14.1 Fettling195

14.2 Defects in Castings195

References198

Questions198

15.Product Design for Sand Castings200

15.1 Designing for Economical Moulding200

15.2 Designing for Eliminating Defects203

15.3 Features to Aid Handling210

References211

Questions211

16.Special Casting Processes214

16.1 Shell Moulding214

16.2 Precision Investment Casting217

16.3 Permanent Mould Casting219

16.4 Die Casting220

16.5 Centrifugal Casting225

16.6 Continuous Casting227

References227

Indian Standards230

Questions230

part C METAL FORMING PROCESSES233

17.Metal Forming Processes233

17.1 Nature of Plastic Deformation233

17.2 Hot Working and Cold Working234

References238

Questions239

18.Rolling240

18.1 Principle240

18.2 Rolling Stand Arrangement242

18.3 Rolling Load244

18.4 Roll Passes245

18.5 Breakdown Passes246

18.6 Roll Pass Sequences248

References250

Indian Standards253

Questions253

19.Forging254

19.1 Forging Operations254

19.2 Smith Forging255

19.3 Drop Forging255

19.4 Press Forging257

19.5 Machine Forging257

19.6 Forging Defects258

19.7 Forging Design259

19.8 Drop Forging Die Design265

19.9 Upset Forging Die Design272

References280

Indian Standards281

Questions281

20.Extrusion and Other Processes284

20.1 Extrusion Principle284

20.2 Hot Extrusion Processes286

20.3 Cold Extrusion287

20.4 Tooling for Cold Extrusion289

20.5 Extruding Tubes290

20.6 Wire Drawing292

20.7 Rod and Tube Drawing294

20.8 Swaging295

20.9 Tube Making296

References297

Questions298

21.Sheet Metal Operations299

21.1 Press Tool Operations299

21.2 Shearing Action300

21.3 Shearing Operations303

21.4 Drawing309

21.5 Draw Die Design311

21.6 Spinning317

21.7 Bending317

21.8 Stretch Forming321

21.9 Embossing and Coining322

References323

Questions323

Problems324

22.Sheet Metal Die Design327

22.1 Types of Dies327

22.2 Die Construction329

22.3 Punch Design333

22.4 Pilots340

22.5 Stripper and Stock Guide342

22.6 Die Stops344

22.7 Stock Strip Layout346

22.8 Component Design for Blanking349

22.9 Strip Development350

22.10 Centre Line of Pressure354

References355

Indian Standards355

Questions356

part D METAL FABRICATION PROCESSES361

23.Introduction to Fabrication Processes361

23.1 Classification361

23.2 General Considerations362

References366

Indian Standards366

Questions366

24.Gas Welding and Cutting368

24.1 Principle368

24.2 Oxy-Acetylene Welding Equipment370

24.3 Oxy-Acetylene Welding Technique371

24.4 Oxy-Hydrogen Welding373

24.5 Gas Cutting374

References377

Indian Standards377

Questions378

25.Electric Arc Welding379

25.1 Principle of Arc379

25.2 Arc Welding Equipment380

25.3 Electrodes382

25.4 Manual Metal Arc Welding384

25.5 Carbon Arc Welding392

25.6 Inert Gas Shielded Arc Welding393

25.7 Tungsten Inert Gas Welding （TIG）394

25.8 Gas Metal ArcWelding （GMAW）398

25.9 Submerged Arc Welding （SAW）407

25.10 Other Arc Welding Processes412

25.11 Arc Cutting415

References415

Indian Standards416

Questions417

26.Resistance Welding419

26.1 Principle419

26.2 Resistance Spot Welding422

26.3 Resistance Seam Welding425

26.4 Projection Welding425

26.5 Upset Welding428

26.6 Flash Welding428

References428

Indian Standards429

Questions429

27.Other Welding Processes430

27.1 Thermit Welding430

27.2 Electro Slag Welding431

27.3 Electron Beam Welding432

27.4 Laser Beam Welding434

27.5 Forge Welding435

27.6 Friction Welding435

27.7 Diffusion Welding436

27.8 Explosion Welding437

References437

Questions438

28.Welding Design439

28.1 Heat Input439

28.2 Heat Flow441

28.3 Distortions446

28.4 Defects in Welding451

References454

Questions454

Problems454

29.Brazing, Braze Welding and Soldering456

29.1 Brazing456

29.2 Braze Welding457

29.3 Soldering458

References459

Indian Standards459

Questions459

Appendix SI Units461

Index465