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CHAPTER 1 RAY OPTICS1

1.1 Postulates of Ray Optics3

1.2 Simple Optical Components6

1.3 Graded-Index Optics18

1.4 Matrix Optics26

Reading List37

Problems39

CHAPTER 2 WAVE OPTICS41

2.1 Postulates of Wave Optics43

2.2 Monochromatic Waves44

2.3 Relation Between Wave Optics and Ray Optics52

2.4 Simple Optical Components53

2.5 Interference63

2.6 Polychromatic Light72

Reading List77

Problems78

CHAPTER 3 BEAM OPTICS80

3.1 The Gaussian Beam81

3.2 Transmission Through Optical Components92

3.3 Hermite -Gaussian Beams100

3.4 Laguerre -Gaussian and Bessel Beams104

Reading List106

Problems106

CHAPTER 4 FOURIER OPTICS108

4.1 Propagation of Light in Free Space111

4.2 Optical Fourier Transform121

4.3 Diffraction of Light127

4.4 Image Formation135

4.5 Holography143

Reading List151

Problems153

CHAPTER 5 ELECTROMAGNETIC OPTICS157

5.1 Electromagnetic Theory of Light159

5.2 Dielectric Media162

5.3 Monochromatic Electromagnetic Waves167

5.4 Elementary Electromagnetic Waves169

5.5 Absorption and Dispersion174

5.6 Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media182

Reading list191

Problems191

CHAPTER 6 POLARIZATION AND CRYSTAL OPTICS193

6.1 Polarization of Light195

6.2 Reflection and Refraction203

6.3 Optics of Anisotropic Media210

6.4 Optical Activity and Faraday Effect223

6.5 Optics of Liquid Crystals227

6.6 Polarization Devices230

Reading List234

Problems235

CHAPTER 7 GUIDED-WAVE OPTICS238

7.1 Planar-Mirror Waveguides240

7.2 Planar Dielectric Waveguides248

7.3 Two-Dimensional Waveguides258

7.4 Optical Coupling in Waveguides261

Reading List269

Problems270

CHAPTER 8 FIBER OPTICS272

8.1 Step-Index Fibers274

8.2 Graded-Index Fibers287

8.3 Attenuation and Dispersion296

Reading List306

Problems307

CHAPTER 9 RESONATOR OPTICS310

9.1 Planar-Mirror Resonators312

9.2 Spherical-Mirror Resonators327

Reading List339

Problems340

CHAPTER 10 STATISTICAL OPTICS342

10.1 Statistical Properties of Random Light344

10.2 Interference of Partially Coherent Light360

10.3 Transmission of Partially Coherent Light Through Optical Systems366

10.4 Partial Polarization376

Reading List380

Problems381

CHAPTER 11 PHOTON OPTICS384

11.1 The Photon386

11.2 Photon Streams398

11.3 Quantum States of Light411

Reading List416

Problems418

CHAPTER 12 PHOTONS AND ATOMS423

12.1 Atoms, Molecules, and Solids424

12.2 Interactions of Photons with Atoms434

12.3 Thermal Light450

12.4 Luminescence Light454

Reading List457

Problems458

CHAPTER 13 LASER AMPLIFIERS460

13.1 The Laser Amplifier463

13.2 Amplifier Power Source468

13.3 Amplifier Nonlinearity and Gain Saturation480

13.4 Amplifier Noise488

Reading List489

Problems491

CHAPTER 14 LASERS494

14.1 Theory of Laser Oscillation496

14.2 Characteristics of the Laser Output503

14.3 Pulsed Lasers522

Reading List536

Problems538

CHAPTER 15 PHOTONS IN SEMICONDUCTORS542

15.1 Semiconductors544

15.2 Interactions of Photons with Electrons and Holes573

Reading List588

Problems590

CHAPTER 16 SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTON SOURCES592

16.1 Light-Emitting Diodes594

16.2 Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers609

16.3 Semiconductor Injection Lasers619

Reading List638

Problems640

CHAPTER 17 SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTON DETECTORS644

17.1 Properties of Semiconductor Photodetectors648

17.2 Photoconductors654

17.3 Photodiodes657

17.4 Avalanche Photodiodes666

17.5 Noise in Photodetectors673

Reading List691

Problems692

CHAPTER 18ELECTRO-OPTICS696

18.1 Principles of Electro-Optics698

18.2 Electro-Optics of Anisotropic Media712

18.3 Electro-Optics of Liquid Crystals721

18.4 Photorefractive Materials729

Reading List733

Problems735

CHAPTER19 NONLINEAR OPTICS737

19.1 Nonlinear Optical Media739

19.2 Second-Order Nonlinear Optics743

19.3 Third-Order Nonlinear Optics751

19.4 Coupled-Wave Theory of Three-Wave Mixing762

19.5 Coupled-Wave Theory of Four-Wave Mixing774

19.6 Anisotropic Nonlinear Media779

19.7 Dispersive Nonlinear Media782

19.8 Optical Solitons786

Reading List793

Problems796

CHAPTER 20ACOUSTO-OPTICS799

20.1 Interaction of Light and Sound802

20.2 Acousto-Optic Devices815

20.3 Acousto-Optics of Anisotropic Media825

Reading List830

Problems830

CHAPTER 21PHOTONIC SWITCHING AND COMPUTING832

21.1 Photonic Switches833

21.2 All-Optical Switches840

21.3 Bistable Optical Devices843

21.4 Optical Interconnections855

21.5 Optical Computing862

Reading List870

Problems872

CHAPTER22 FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS874

22.1 Components of the Optical Fiber Link876

22.2 Modulation, Multiplexing, and Coupling887

22.3 System Performance893

22.4 Receiver Sensitivity903

22.5 Coherent Optical Communications907

Reading List913

Problems915

APPENDIX A FOURIER TRANSFORM918

A.1 One-Dimensional Fourier Transform918

A.2 Time Duration and Spectral Width921

A.3 Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform924

Reading List927

APPENDIX B LINEAR SYSTEMS928

B.1 One-Dimensional Linear Systems928

B.2 Two-Dimensional Linear Systems931

APPENDIX C MODES OF LINEAR SYSTEMS934

SYMBOLS937

INDEX949