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Lessons 1-101

Review Lesson1

Lesson 131

LESSON FOCUS31

READING:Daniel Mendoza s Résumé32

1．1 The Present Perfect Tense-Forms33

1．2 The Present Perfect-Question Formation35

1．3 Uses of the Present Perfect Tense-Overview36

1．4 The Present Perfect with Continuation from Past to Present37

1．5 For and Since in Negative Statements40

1．6 The Present Perfect vs．The Simple Present41

READING: My Job as a Pilot44

1．7 The Present Perfect Continuous44

1．8 The Present Perfect vs．The Simple Past48

1．9 The Present Perfect with Repetition from Past to Present49

1．10 Present Perfect vs．Simple Past with Repetition51

1．11 The Present Perfect with Indefinite Past Time-Overview53

1．12 Questions with Ever54

1．13 Yet,Already,and Just58

1．14 Questions with Lately and Recently61

1．15 The Present Perfect Continuous with Ongoing Activities63

1．16 The Present Perfect with No Time Mentioned64

1．17 The Present Perfect vs．The Present Perfect Continuous with No Time Mentioned66

Summary70

Editing Advice71

Test/Review72

Expansion Activities74

Lesson 277

LESSON FOCUS77

2．1 Passive Voice—Overview78

READING:The Oscars78

2．2 Passive and Active Voice79

2．3 Passive-Form80

2．4 Passive Voice with a Performer83

READING: Movie Ratings85

2．5 Using Passive Voice without a Performer86

2．6 Using Active Voice Only93

READING: The Actor President93

2．7 Passive with Get96

2．8 Participles Used as Adjectives97

READING: Charlie Chaplin98

2．9 Participles Used as Adjectives to Show Feelings98

2．10 Other Past Participles Used as Adjectives101

2．11 Past Participles and Other Adjectives with Get104

Summary106

Editing Advice107

Test/Review108

Expansion Activities112

LESSON FOCUS117

Lesson 3117

READING: The Titanic118

3．1 The Past Perfect—Form119

3．2 The Past Perfect—Use121

3．3 When with the Simple Past or the Past Perfect127

3．4 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense129

3．5 The Past Perfect (Continuous)or the Present Perfect(Continuous)130

3．6 Comparison of Past Tenses—Forms132

READING: Survivors of the Titanic132

3．7 The Past Continuous Tense133

3．8 Comparison of Past Tenses136

Summary140

Editing Advice141

Test/Review143

Expansion Activities146

Lesson 4149

LESSON FOCUS149

4．1 Overview of Modals and Related Expressions150

READING: Sweepstakes or Scam?151

4．2 Necessity152

4．3 Must Not and Not Have To155

READING: Marketing to Children158

4．4 Permission and Prohibition159

4．5 Advice160

4．6 Comparing Negative Modals163

READING: Responding to Telemarketing Calls166

4．7 Making Suggestions166

4．8 Have To,Can,Could,and Should168

READING: Don t Believe Everything You See169

4．9 Expectations170

4．10 Possibilities172

READING: Game Shows and Talk Shows175

4．11 Logical Conclusions175

4．12 Probability vs． Possibility in the Present178

4．13 Modals with Continuous Verbs180

Summary181

Editing Advice182

Test/Review183

Expansion Activities187

Lesson 5189

LESSON FOCUS189

READING: The Assassination of President Kennedy190

5．1 Modals in the Past: Have + Past Participle190

5．2 Past Possibility192

5．3 Past Conclusion193

READING: John Kennedy,Jr．195

5．4 Must Have vs． Had To197

5．5 Past Mistakes198

5．6 Be Supposed To in the Past201

5．7 Could and Was/Were Able To202

5．8 Past Directions Not Taken203

5．9 Past Impossibility205

Summary208

Editing Advice211

Test/Review212

Expansion Activities216

Lesson 6219

LESSON FOCUS219

READING: Kids and the Media220

6．1 Adjective Clauses—Overview221

6．2 Relative Pronoun as Subject222

6．3 Relative Pronoun as Object225

6．4 Relative Pronoun as Object of Preposition227

6．5 Where and When in Adjective Clauses230

6．6 Where,That,or Which231

6．7 When or That232

READING: E-mail and Instant Messages233

6．8 Whose+Noun in an Adjective Clause234

6．9 Adjective Clauses after Indefinite Compounds236

READING: The Creator of the World Wide Web240

6．10 Nonessential Adjective Clauses241

6．11 Essential vs．Nonessential Adjective Clauses242

READING: Parents Taking Control of the Media245

6．12 Descriptive Phrases246

Summary249

Editing Advice250

Test/Review251

Expansion Activities256

LESSON FOCUS259

Lesson 7259

7．1 Infinitives—Overview260

7．2 Verbs Followed by an Infinitive261

READING: Andrew Carnegie,Philanthropist261

7．3 Object Before Infinitive264

READING: Charity and Volunteering267

7．4 Causative Verbs267

7．5 Adjective Plus Infinitive269

7．6 Using the Infinitive to Show Purpose270

7．7 Infinitive as Subject271

7．8 Infinitive with Too and Enough274

7．9 Gerunds—Overview276

READING: Helping Others Get an Education277

7．10 Gerund as Subject277

7．11 Gerund after Prepositions and Nouns279

7．12 Using the Correct Preposition280

7．13 Verbs Followed by Gerunds282

7．14 Verbs Followed by Gerund or Infinitive284

7．15 Infinitive and Gerund as Subject286

7．16 Gerund or Infinitive After a Verb:Differences in Meaning287

7．17 Used To/Be Used To/Get Used To290

7．18 Sense-Perception Verbs293

Summary295

Editing Advice297

Test/Review299

Expansion Activities302

LESSON FOCUS305

Lesson 8305

8．1 Adverbial Clauses—Overview306

READING: Columbus and the Discovery of America307

8．2 Time307

8．3 Using the -ing Form After Time Words312

READING: A Nation of Immigrants313

8．4 Reason and Purpose314

READING: Slavery—An American Paradox318

8．5 Contrast318

READING: The Changing Face of America321

8．6 Condition322

8．7 Sentence Connectors326

READING: Adopting a Baby from Abroad326

8．8 So...That/Such...That330

Summary332

Editing Advice334

Test/Review335

Expansion Activities340

Lesson 9343

LESSON FOCUS343

9．1 Noun Clauses—Overview344

READING: Bringing Up Baby344

9．2 Noun Clauses After Verbs and Adjectives345

9．3 Nouns Clauses After Expressions of Importance348

READING: Pediatricians Recommendations348

READING: Day Care350

9．4 Nouns Clauses as Included Questions351

9．5 Question Words Followed by an Infinitive356

READING: Dr．Benjamin Spock359

9．6 Exact Quotes360

9．7 Reported Speech362

9．8 The Rule of Sequence of Tenses363

9．9 Say vs．Tell366

9．10 Noun Clauses After a Past-Tense Verb367

9．11 Reporting an Imperative368

READING: What Do Kids Want?370

9．12 Reported Questions371

Summary376

Editing Advice376

Test/Review378

Expansion Activities383

LESSON FOCUS387

Lesson 10387

READING: Biotechnology388

10．1 Unreal Conditions—Present389

10．2 Implied Conditions395

10．3 Real vs．Unreal Conditions397

READING: Legal Questions Raised by Science399

10．4 Unreal Conditions—Past400

10．5 Mixed Tenses in Condition Statements403

READING:Growing Older and Older and Older408

10．6 Wishes408

10．7 Wish for Desired Changes412

Summary416

Editing Advice418

Test/Review418

Expansion Activities421

Appendices425

A．Noncount Nouns425

Appendices A-N425

B．Uses of Articles427

C．The Verb GET433

D．Gerund and Infinitive Patterns435

E．Verbs and Adjectives Followed by a Preposition438

F．Direct and Indirect objects438

G．Spelling and Pronunciation of Verbs440

H．Capitalization Rules443

I．Plural Forms of Nouns444

J．Metric Conversion Chart446

K．Comparative and Superlative Forms449

L．Glossary of Grammatical Terms451

M．Alphabetical List of Irregular Verb Forms456

N．My Word Bank469

Answer Key469

Answer key469

Map of the United States of America500

Map of the United States of America500

Map of North America501

Map of North America501

Index502

Index502