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PART Ⅰ Fundamentals of Engineering Economy1

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Engineering Economy1

1.1 Introduction2

1.2 The Principles of Engineering Economy3

1.3 Engineering Economy and the Design Process6

1.4 Using Spreadsheets in Engineering Economic Analysis15

1.5 Summary15

CHAPTER 2 Cost Concepts and Design Economics19

2.1 Cost Terminology20

2.2 The General Economic Environment27

2.3 Cost-Driven Design Optimization37

2.4 Present Economy Studies42

2.5 Case Study—The Economics of Daytime Running Lights51

2.6 Summary53

Appendix 2-A Accounting Fundamentals62

CHAPTER 3 Cost-Estimation Techniques71

3.1 Introduction72

3.2 An Integrated Approach74

3.3 Selected Estimating Techniques（Models）82

3.4 Parametric Cost Estimating87

3.5 Cost Estimation in the Design Process98

3.6 Case Study—Demanufacturing of Computers106

3.7 Summary108

CHAPTER 4 The Time Value of Money114

4.1 Introduction115

4.2 Simple Interest116

4.3 Compound Interest117

4.4 The Concept of Equivalence117

4.5 Notation and Cash-Flow Diagrams and Tables120

4.6 Relating Present and Future Equivalent Values of Single Cash Flows124

4.7 Relating a Uniform Series（Annuity） to Its Present and Future Equivalent Values130

4.8 Summary of Interest Formulas and Relationships for Discrete Compounding141

4.9 Deferred Annuities（Uniform Series）142

4.10 Equivalence Calculations Involving Multiple Interest Formulas144

4.11 Uniform（Arithmetic） Gradient of Cash Flows150

4.12 Geometric Sequences of Cash Flows156

4.13 Interest Rates that Vary with Time161

4.14 Nominal and Effective Interest Rates163

4.15 Compounding More Often than Once per Year165

4.16 Interest Formulas for Continuous Compounding and Discrete Cash Flows168

4.17 Case Study—Understanding Economic"Equivalence"171

4.18 Summary174

PART Ⅱ Engineering Economy in Action190

CHAPTER 5 Evaluating a Single Project190

5.1 Introduction191

5.2 Determining the Minimum Attractive Rate of Return（MARR）192

5.3 The Present Worth Method192

5.4 The Future Worth Method201

5.5 The Annual Worth Method202

5.6 The Internal Rate of Return Method206

5.7 The External Rate of Return Method217

5.8 The Payback（Payout） Period Method220

5.9 Case Study—A Proposed Capital Investment to Improve Process Yield222

5.10 Summary223

Appendix 5-A The Multiple Rate of Return Problem with the IRR Method234

CHAPTER 6 Comparison and Selection among Alternatives238

6.1 Introduction239

6.2 Basic Concepts for Comparing Alternatives239

6.3 The Study（Analysis） Period243

6.4 Useful Lives Are Equal to the Study Period245

6.5 Useful Lives Are Unequal among the Alternatives264

6.6 Personal Finances276

6.7 Case Study—Ned and Larry’s Ice Cream Company280

6.8 Postevaluation of Results283

6.9 Summary283

CHAPTER 7 Depreciation and Income Taxes300

7.1 Introduction301

7.2 Depreciation Concepts and Terminology301

7.3 The Classical（Historical） Depreciation Methods304

7.4 The Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System309

7.5 A Comprehensive Depreciation Example316

7.6 Introduction to Income Taxes320

7.7 The Effective（Marginal） Corporate Income Tax Rate323

7.8 Gain（Loss） on the Disposal of an Asset326

7.9 General Procedure for Making After-Tax Economic Analyses327

7.10 Illustration of Computations of ATCFs331

7.11 Economic Value Added343

7.12 Summary345

CHAPTER 8 Price Changes and Exchange Rates356

8.1 Introduction357

8.2 Terminology and Basic Concepts358

8.3 Fixed and Responsive Annuities364

8.4 Spreadsheet Application369

8.5 Foreign Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Concepts371

8.6 Case Study—Selecting Electric Motors to Power an Assembly Line376

8.7 Summary379

CHAPTER 9 Replacement Analysis389

9.1 Introduction390

9.2 Reasons for Replacement Ana？ys？s390

9.3 Factors that Must Be Considered in Replacement Studies391

9.4 Typ？al Replacement Problems394

9.5 Determining the Economic Life of a New Asset（Challenger）397

9.6 Determining the Economic Life of a Defender401

9.7 Comparisons in which the Defender’s Useful Life Differs from that of the Challenger404

9.8 Retirement without Replacement（Abandonment）407

9.9 After-Tax Replacement Studies408

9.10 Case Study—Replacement of a Hospital’s Emergency Electrical Supply System418

9.11 Summary421

PART Ⅲ Additional Topics in Engineering Economy431

CHAPTER 10 Evaluating Projects with the Benefit-Cost Ratio Method431

10.1 Introduction432

10.2 Perspective and Terminology for Analyzing Public Projects433

10.3 Self-Liquidating Projects434

10.4 Multiple-Purpose Projects434

10.5 Difficulties in Evaluating Public-Sector Projects437

10.6 What Interest Rate Should Be Used for Public Projects？438

10.7 The Benefit-Cost Ratio Method440

10.8 Evaluating Independent Projects by B-C Ratios446

10.9 Comparison of Mutually Exclusive Projects by B-C Ratios448

10.10 Criticisms and Shortcomings of the Benefit-Cost Ratio Method453

10.11 Case Study—Improving a Railroad Crossing455

10.12 Summary457

CHAPTER 11 Breakeven and Sensitivity Analysis465

11.1 Introduction466

11.2 Breakeven Analysis466

11.3 Sensitivity Analysis473

11.4 Multiple Factor Sensitivity Analysis479

11.5 Case Study—Analysis of a Business Venture483

11.6 Summary486

CHAPTER 12 Probabilistic Risk Analysis495

12.1 Introduction496

12.2 Sources of Uncertainty497

12.3 The Distribution of Random Variables497

12.4 Evaluation of Projects with Discrete Random Variables501

12.5 Evaluation of Projects with Continuous Random Variables510

12.6 Evaluation of Uncertainty by Monte Carlo Simulation515

12.7 Performing Monte Carlo Simulation with a Computer519

12.8 Decision Trees523

12.9 Real Options Analysis532

12.10 Case Study—The Oils Well That Ends Well Company535

12.11 Summary539

CHAPTER 13 The Capital Budgeting Process548

13.1 Introduction549

13.2 Debt Capital551

13.3 Equity Capital552

13.4 The Weighted Average Cost of Capital（WACC）555

13.5 Project Selection559

13.6 Postmortem Review563

13.7 Budgeting of Capital Investments and Management Perspective564

13.8 Leasing Decisions565

13.9 Capital Allocation567

13.10 Case Study—Financing an Automobile575

13.11 Summary578

CHAPTER 14 Decision Making Considering Multiattributes581

14.1 Introduction582

14.2 Examples of Multiattribute Decisions582

14.3 Choice of Attributes584

14.4 Selection of a Measurement Scale584

14.5 Dimensionality of the Problem585

14.6 Noncompensatory Models585

14.7 Compensatory Models590

14.8 Summary598

PART Ⅳ Appendices604

A Using Excel to Solve Engineering Economy Problems604

B Abbreviations and Notation621

C Interest and Annuity Tables for Discrete Compounding625

D Interest and Annuity Tables for Continuous Compounding644

E Standard Normal Distribution648

F Selected References651

G Answers to Selected Problems654

Index659