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这才是心理学 英文版 第9版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载
- （加）基思·斯坦诺维奇著 著
- 出版社： 北京：人民邮电出版社
- ISBN：9787115353375
- 出版时间：2014
- 标注页数：240页
- 文件大小：59MB
- 文件页数：261页
- 主题词：心理学－英文
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图书目录
1 Psychology Is Alive and Well（and Doing Fine Among the Sciences）1
The Freud Problem1
The Diversity of Modern Psychology2
Implications of Diversity3
Unity in Science6
What，Then，Is Science？8
Systematic Empiricism9
Publicly Verifiable Knowledge：Replication and Peer Review10
Empirically Solvable Problems：Scientists'Search for Testable Theories12
Psychology and Folk Wisdom：The Problem with "Common Sense"13
Psychology as a Young Science16
Summary18
2 Falsifiability：How to Foil Little Green Men in the Head19
Theories and the Falsifiability Criterion20
The Theory of Knocking Rhythms22
Freud and Falsifiability23
The Little Green Men25
Not All Confirmations Are Equal26
Falsifiability and Folk Wisdom27
The Freedom to Admit a Mistake28
Thoughts Are Cheap30
Errors in Science：Getting Closer to the Truth31
Summary34
3 Operationism and Essentialism："But，Doctor，What Does It Really Mean？"35
Why Scientists Are Not Essentialists35
Essentialists Like to Argue About the Meaning of Words36
Operationists Link Concepts to Observable Events37
Reliability and Validity38
Direct and Indirect Operational Definitions40
Scientific Concepts Evolve40
Operational Definitions in Psychology42
Operationism as a Humanizing Force45
Essentialist Questions and the Misunderstanding of Psychology47
Operationism and the Phrasing of Psychological Questions48
Summary51
4 Testimonials and Case Study Evidence：Placebo Effects and the Amazing Randi53
The Place ofthe Case Study54
Why TestimonialsAre Worthless：Placebo Effects56
The "Vividness"Problem59
The Overwhelming Impact of the Single Case63
The Amazing Randi：Fighting Fire with Fire65
Testimonials Open the Door to Pseudoscience67
Summary71
5 Correlation and Causation：Birth Control by the Toaster Method73
The Third-Variable Problem：Goldberger and Pellagra74
Why Goldberger's Evidence Was Better75
The Directionality Problem78
Selection Bias80
Summary83
6 Getting Things Under Control：The Case of Clever Hans85
Snow and Cholera86
Comparison，Control，and Manipulation87
Random Assignment in Conjunction with Manipulation Defines the True Experiment88
The Importance of Control Groups91
The Case of Clever Hans，the Wonder Horse94
Clever Hans in the 1990s96
Prying Variables Apart：Special Conditions99
Intuitive Physics101
Intuitive Psychology103
Summary104
7 "But It's Not Real Life！"：The"Artificiality"Criticism and Psycho logy105
Why Natural Isn't Always Necessary105
The"Random Sample"Confusion107
The Random Assignment Versus Random Sample Distinction107
Theory-Driven Research Versus Direct Applications108
Applications of Psychological Theory113
The"College Sophomore"Problem115
The Real-Life and College Sophomore Problems in Perspective119
Summary120
8 Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome：The Importance of Converging Evidence121
The Connectivity Principle122
A Consumer's Rule：Beware of Violations of Connectivity123
The "Great-Leap"Model Versus the Gradual-Synthesis Model125
Converging Evidence：Progress Despite Flaws126
Converging Evidence in Psychology129
Scientific Consensus133
Methods and the Convergence Principle135
The Progression to More Powerful Methods136
A Counsel Against Despair139
Summary142
9 The Misguided Searchfor the"Magic Bullet"：The Issue ofMultiple Causation145
The Concept ofInteraction146
The Temptation of the Single-Cause Explanation149
Summary152
10 The Achilles'Heel ofHuman Cognition：Probabilistic Reasoning153
"Person-Who"Statistics155
Probabilistic Reasoning and the Misunderstanding of Psychology156
Psychological Research on Probabilistic Reasoning158
Insufficient Use of Probabilistic Information159
Failure to Use Sample Size Information161
The Gambler's Fallacy162
A Further Word About Statistics and Probability164
Summary166
11 The Role of Chance in Psychology167
The Tendency to Try to Explain Chance Events167
Explaining Chance：Illusory Correlation and the Illusion of Control170
Chance and Psychology172
Coincidence173
Personal Coincidences176
Accepting Error in Order to Reduce Error：Clinical versus Actuarial Prediction177
Summary184
12 The Rodney Dangerfield of the Sciences185
Psychology's Image Problem185
Psychology and ParaPsychology186
The Self-Help Literature188
Recipe Knowledge190
Psychology and Other Disciplines192
Our Own Worst Enemies194
Isn't Everyone a Psychologist？Implicit Theories of Behavior200
The Source of Resistance to Scientific Psychology201
The Final Word206
References207
Name Index231
Subject Index238