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PART 1:PROCESS THINKING1

1 PROCESS THINKING3

1.1 What is process thinking?3

1.2 What is a process?5

1.3 Process focus7

1.4 Process maturity9

Summary13

2 PROCESS DISCIP LINE17

2.1 Process discipline17

2.2 Benefits of process discipline20

2.3 Process discipline and product quality24

2.4 Process-focused organizations27

Summary33

3 EFFECTIVE PROCESS ENVIRONMENT35

3.1 Process myths and realities35

3.2 What is an effective process?37

3.3 Mechanisms for making the process effective40

3.4 Process culture45

Summary48

4 PROCESS MATURITY:THE SECOND WAVE OF THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY51

4.1 Waves and megatrends of the software industry51

4.2 The software process maturity movement53

4.3 Levels of software process institutionalization56

4.4 Software process maturity standards and initiatives58

Summary62

PART 2:A FRAMEWORK FOR SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT65

5 A FRAMEWORK FOR SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT67

5.1 Software process improvement environment67

5.2 Software process infrastructure70

5.3 Software process improvement roadmap74

5.4 Software process assessment76

5.5 Software process improvement plan78

Summary80

6.1 Justification and definition83

6 SOFTWARE PROCESS INFRASTRUCTURE83

6.2 Organizational and management infrastructure89

6.3 Process technical infrastructure105

6.4 An example of a software process support infrastructure118

6.5 Making the infrastructure effective121

Summary125

7 PROCESS IMPROVEMENT ROADMAPS129

7.1 Learning from the quality gurus129

7.2 Software process improvement models134

7.3 Staged versus continuous architecture for SPI models137

Summary143

8 FUNDAMENTALS OF SOFTWARE PROCESS ASSESSMENT145

8.1 Definitions of assessment145

8.3 Assessment domains154

8.4 Assessment generic phases157

8.5 Mapping assessment approaches to the generic cycle160

Summary163

9.1 Creating a software process improvement action plan165

9 SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT ACTION PLAN165

9.2 Allocating resPonsibilities for implementing SPI actions173

9.3 Guidance for Action Planning(GAP)-an example of an action planning method177

Summary179

PART 3:MAKING SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT HAPPEN181

10 LAUNCHING SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT183

10.1 Stages for making software Process improvement happen183

10.2 Launching software process improvement184

10.3 Adopting a software process improvement model190

10.4 Humphrey's process change requirements192

10.5 Ingredients for successful software process improvement194

Summary197

11 IMPLEMENTING AND INSTITUTIONALIZING SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT199

11.1 Implementation and institutionalization phases199

11.2 Principles for implementing and institutionalizing SPI200

11.3 Implementing SPI actions and managing the change202

11.4 Institutionalizing software process improvement211

11.5 The SEI IDEAL model-an example of an SPI implementation model215

Summary219

12 MEASURING THE BENEFITS OF SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT221

12.1 Measuring software process perfromance221

12.2 Principles of software process measurement223

12.3 Issues with software process measurement226

12.4 An example of a software process measurement method226

Summary232

PART 4:CURRENT MODELS AND STANDARDS FOR SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT233

13 THE CAPABILITY MATURITY MODEL(CMM)235

13.1 Overview of the Capability Maturity Model235

13.2 Maturity levels of the CMM239

13.3 Internal structure of the CMM247

13.4 Uses of the CMM256

13.5 CMM Version 2.0261

Summary262

14.1 CMM-based appraisals265

14 CMM-BASED SOFTWARE PROCESS ASSESSMENT265

14.2 The SEI maturity questionnaire266

14.3 The SEI-assisted assessment process270

14.4 SEI software capability evaluation(SCE)276

Summary280

15 ISO/IEC 15504 DRAFT TECHNICAL REPORT FOR SOFTWARE PROCESS ASSESSMENT283

15.1 Introduction283

15.2 Architecture of the ISO/IEC 15504 technical report285

15.3 ISO/IEC 15504 process categories290

15.4 ISO/IEC 15504 capability levels304

15.5 ISO/IEC 15504 capability measurements308

15.6 Relationship of ISO/IEC 15504 to other international standards309

Summary311

16 ISO/IEC 15504 DRAFTGUIDE TO CONDUCTING ASSESSMENT313

16.1 Overview313

16.2 Assessment planning315

16.3 Fact gathering322

16.4 Fact analysis324

16.5 Presenting the assessment output329

16.6 ISO/IEC 15504 guidance on assessment instruments331

16.7 Using ISO/IEC 15504 guidance for conducting assessments335

Summary337

17 BOOTSTRAP SOFTWARE PROCESS ASSESSMENT339

17.1 Motivation and background339

17.2 BOOTSTRAP process model340

17.3 Capability scale and assessment instruments343

17.4 The BOOTSTRAP assessment process347

17.5 BOOTSTRAP and other initiatives354

Summary355

18 OTHER INITIATIVES357

18.1 ISO 9000 quality standards357

18.2 ISO/IEC 12207,'Software Life Cycle Processes'364

18.3 DoD standard MIL-STD-498365

18.4 Trillium368

18.5 The V-Model377

Summary385

PART 5:BUSINESS BENEFITS OF SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT387

19 THE EVIDENCE:BUSINESS BENEFITS OF SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT389

19.1 Relating SPI benefits to the business389

19.2 Evidence from Europe390

19.3 Evidence from the USA399

19.4 Lessons learned406

Summary407

20 EPILOGUE:FUTURE OF SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT409

20.1 Process maturity:is it another buzzword?409

20.2 Role of international standards409

20.3 Process discipline is a prerequisite for software industrialization410

20.4 What next?410

GLOSSARY411

REFERENCES437

INDEX443