FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS VOLUME 1 SIXTH EDITIONPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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PART 11

CHAPTER 1 Measurement1

How can sunsets be used to measure Earth？2

1-1 Measuring Things2

1-2 The International System of Units2

1-3 Changing Units3

1-4 Length4

1-5 Time6

1-6 Mass7

Review ε Summary8

Exercises ε Problems8

CHAPTER 2 Motion Along a Straight Line11

How long does a barrel fall from Niagara Falls？12

2-1 Motion12

2-2 Position and Displacement12

2-3 Average Velocity and Average Speed13

2-4 Instantaneous Velocity and Speed15

2-5 Acceleration17

2-6 Constant Acceleration： A Special Case19

2-7 Another Look at Constant Acceleration22

2-8 Free-Fall Acceleration23

Review ε Summary25

Questions26

Exercises ε Problems27

CHAPTER 3 Vectors31

How can vectors be used in cave exploring？32

3-1 Vectors and Scalars32

3-2 Adding Vectors Geometrically32

3-3 Components of Vectors34

3-4 Unit Vectors37

3-5 Adding Vectors by Components38

3-6 Vectors and the Laws of Physics40

3-7 Multiplying Vectors40

Review ε Summary44

Questions45

Exercises ε Problems45

CHAPTER 4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions48

How can the placement of the net be determined for a human cannonball？49

4-1 Moving in Two or Three Dimensions49

4-2 Position and Displacement49

4-3 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity51

4-4 Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration53

4-5 Projectile Motion54

4-6 Projectile Motion Analyzed56

4-7 Uniform Circular Motion60

4-8 Relative Motion in One Dimension62

4-9 Relative Motion in Two Dimensions63

Review ε Summary65

Questions66

Exercises ε Problems67

CHAPTER 5 Force and Motion—Ⅰ72

Can a man pull two railroad passenger cars with his teeth？73

5-1 What Causes an Acceleration？73

5-2 Newton’s First Law73

5-3 Force74

5-4 Mass75

5-5 Newton’s Second Law76

5-6 Some Particular Forces80

5-7 Newton’s Third Law84

5-8 Applying Newton’s Laws85

Review ε Summary90

Questions91

Exercises ε Problems93

CHAPTER 6 Force and Motion—Ⅱ98

Why do cats sometimes survive long falls better than shorter ones？99

6-1 Friction99

6-2 Properties of Friction100

6-3 The Drag Force and Terminal Speed104

6-4 Uniform Circular Motion106

Review ε Summary110

Questions111

Exercises ε Problems112

CHAPTER 7 Kinetic Energy and Work116

How much work is required in lifting great weights？117

7-1 Energy117

7-2 Work118

7-3 Work and Kinetic Energy119

7-4 Work Done by a Gravitational Force122

7-5 Work Done by a Spring Force126

7-6 Work Done by a General Variable Force129

7-7 Power131

Review ε Summary133

Questions134

Exercises ε Problems136

CHAPTER 8 Potential Energy and Conservationof Energy139

Did the placement of the giant statues on Easter Island require a mysterious energy source？139

8-1 Potential Energy140

8-2 Path Independence of Conservative Forces141

8-3 Determining Potential Energy Values143

8-4 Conservation of Mechanical Energy146

8-5 Reading a Potential Energy Curve149

8-6 Work Done on a System by an External Force152

8-7 Conservation of Energy155

Review ε Summary158

Questions159

Exercises ε Problems160

CHAPTER 9 Systems of Particles168

How does a ballerina seemingly “turn off” the gravitational force？169

9-1 A Special Point169

9-2 The Center of Mass169

9-3 Newton’s Second Law for a System of Particles173

9-4 Linear Momentum176

9-5 The Linear Momentum of a System of Particles177

9-6 Conservation of Linear Momentum178

9-7 Systems with Varying Mass： A Rocket181

9-8 External Forces and Internal Energy Changes184

Review ε Summary186

Questions187

Exercises ε Problems188

CHAPTER 10 Collisions193

Is a board or a concrete block easier to break in karate？194

10-1 What Is a Collision？194

10-2 Impulse and Linear Momentum195

10-3 Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions198

10-4 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension199

10-5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension202

10-6 Collisions in Two Dimensions205

Review ε Summary207

Questions208

Exercises ε Problems209

CHAPTER 11 Rotation215

What advantages does physics offer in judo throws？216

11-1 Translation and Rotation216

11-2 The Rotational Variables216

11-3 Are Angular Quantities Vectors？220

11-4 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration221

11-5 Relating the Linear and Angular Variables223

11-6 Kinetic Energy of Rotation225

11-7 Calculating the Rotational Inertia226

11-8 Torque229

11-9 Newton’s Second Law for Rotation230

11-10 Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy233

Review ε Summary236

Questions238

Exercises ε Problems239

CHAPTER 12 Rolling， Torque， and Angular Momentum245

Why is a quadruple somersault so difficult in trapeze acts？246

12-1 Rolling246

12-2 The Kinetic Energy of Rolling247

12-3 The Forces of Rolling248

12-4 The Yo-Yo250

12-5 Torque Revisited251

12-6 Angular Momentum253

12-7 Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form255

12-8 The Angular Momentum of a System of Particles257

12-9 The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis258

12-10 Conservation of Angular Momentum260

Review ε Summary265

Questions266

Exercises ε Problems268

PART 2273

CHAPTER 13 Equilibrium and Elasticity273

Can you safely rest in a fissure during a chimney climb？274

13-1 Equilibrium274

13-2 The Requirements of Equilibrium275

13-3 The Center of Gravity276

13-4 Some Examples of Static Equilibrium278

13-5 Indeterminate Structures282

13-6 Elasticity283

Review ε Summary287

Questions288

Exercises ε Problems289

CHAPTER 14 Gravitation294

How can a black hole be detected？295

14-1 The World and the Gravitational Force295

14-2 Newton’s Law of Gravitation295

14-3 Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition296

14-4 Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface299

14-5 Gravitation Inside Earth301

14-6 Gravitational Potential Energy302

14-7 Planets and Satellites： Kepler’s Laws306

14-8 Satellites： Orbits and Energy310

14-9 Einstein and Gravitation312

Review ε Summary314

Questions315

Exercises ε Problems316

CHAPTER 15 Fluids321

What factor occasionally kills novice scuba divers？322

15-1 Fluids and the World Around Us322

15-2 What Is a Fluid？322

15-3 Density and Pressure322

15-4 Fluids at Rest324

15-5 Measuring Pressure327

15-6 Pascal’s Principle328

15-7 Archimedes’ Principle329

15-8 Ideal Fluids in Motion332

15-9 The Equation of Continuity333

15-10 Bernoulli’s Equation336

Review ε Summary339

Questions339

Exercises ε Problems340

CHAPTER 16 Oscillations346

Why did a distant earthquake collapse buildings in Mexico City？347

16-1 Oscillations347

16-2 Simple Harmonic Motion347

16-3 The Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion350

16-4 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion352

16-5 An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator354

16-6 Pendulums355

16-7 Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion358

16-8 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion360

16-9 Forced Oscillations and Resonance362

Review ε Summary363

Questions364

Exercises ε Problems365

CHAPTER 17 Waves— Ⅰ370

How does a scorpion detect a beetle without using sight or sound？371

17-1 Waves and Particles371

17-2 Types of Waves371

17-3 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves372

17-4 Wavelength and Frequency373

17-5 The Speed of a Traveling Wave375

17-6 Wave Speed on a Stretched String378

17-7 Energy and Power of a Traveling String Wave380

17-8 The Principle of Superposition for Waves382

17-9 interference of waves383

17-10 Phasors386

17-11 Standing Waves387

17-12 Standing Waves and Resonance389

Review ε Summary392

Questions392

Exercises ε Problems394

CHAPTER 18 Waves— Ⅱ398

How does a bat detect a moth in total darkness？399

18-1 Sound Waves399

18-2 The Speed of Sound399

18-3 Traveling Sound Waves402

18-4 Interference404

18-5 Intensity and Sound Level406

18-6 Sources of Musical Sound410

18-7 Beats412

18-8 The Doppler Effect414

18-9 Supersonic Speeds： Shock Waves418

Review ε Summary419

Questions420

Exercises ε Problems421

CHAPTER 19 Temperature， Heat， and the First Law of Thermodynamics425

What thermal protection do bees have against a hornet invasion？426

19-1 Thermodynamics426

19-2 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics426

19-3 Measuring Temperature427

19-4 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales429

19-5 Thermal Expansion431

19-6 Temperature and Heat433

19-7 The Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids434

19-8 A Closer Look at Heat and Work438

19-9 The First Law of Thermodynamics440

19-10 Some Special Cases of the First Law of Thermodynamics441

19-11 Heat Transfer Mechanisms443

Review ε Summary447

Questions448

Exercises ε Problems449

CHAPTER 20 The Kinetic Theory of Gases454

Why can a cold container of a carbonated drink form a fog when opened？455

20-1 A New Way to Look at Gases455

20-2 Avogadro’s Number455

20-3 Ideal Gases456

20-4 Pressure，Temperature， and RMS Speed459

20-5 Translational Kinetic Enerau46120-6 Mean Free Path462

20-7 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds464

20-8 The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas467

20-9 Degrees of Freedom and Molar SpecificHeats471

20-10 A Hint of Quantum Theory472

20-11 The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas473

Review ε Summary476

Questions477

Exercises ε Problems478

CHAPTER 21 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics482

What in the world gives direction to time？483

21-1 Some One-Way Processes483

21-2 Change in Entropy483

21-3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics488

21-4 Entropy in the Real World： Engines489

21-5 Entropy in the Real World： Refrigerators494

21-6 The Efficiencies of Real Engines495

21-7 A Statistical View of Entropy496

Review ε Summary500

Questions501

Exercises ε Problems501