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Chapter 1: The Biotechnology Industry2

What Is Biotechnology?3

Who Uses Biotechnology?5

Biotechnology Industry and Research13

Governmental Regulation of Biotechnology15

Industry Practices17

Careers in Biotechnology19

Chapter 1 Essay Questions20

Additional Resources21

Chapter 1 Vignettes3

Bioethics Biotechnology: Good or Bad?3

Biotech In The Real World: Bio-Rad: Then and Now12

How To... Write an SOP17

Careers In Biotech:Annabelle Tinoco, Quality Assurance Manager18

Chapter 2: Laboratory Skills22

Laboratory Safety23

Laboratory Notebooks25

Laboratory Equipment26

Numerical Data33

Significant Figures33

Scientific Notation34

Units of Measure35

Preparing Solutions35

Percent Solutions35

Using Stock Solutions Given in Terms of “x”36

Molar Solutions37

Chapter 2 Essay Questions39

Additional Resources39

Chapter 2 Laboratory Activities40

Activity 2.1 DNA Extraction and Precipitation40

Activity 2.2 Pipetting42

Activity 2.3 Kool-Aid Column Chromatography46

Activity 2.4 Making Solutions49

Activity 2.5 Titration54

Activity 2.6 Writing a Standard Operating Procedure56

Chapter 2 Extension Activities56

Chapter 2 Vignettes24

Bioethics: Waste Disposal24

Biotech In The Real World: Who Invented Claritin? How Laboratory Notebooks Played Their Part26

Careers In Biotech:Katie Dalpozzo, Laboratory Research Associate27

How To... Use an Adjustable-Volume Micropipet29

Chapter 3: Microbiology and Cell Culture58

Microbiology and Cell Biology59

Three Domains of Life59

Microorganisms and History59

Bacteria61

Uses of Bacteria in Biotechnology62

Culturing Bacteria in the Laboratory63

Microbiological Techniques64

Eukaryotic Cells69

Uses of Eukaryotic Cells in Biotechnology71

Eukaryotic Cell Culture72

Chapter 3 Essay Questions74

Additional Resources74

Chapter 3 Laboratory Activities75

Activity 3.1 Making Microbiology Media75

Activity 3.2 Disk Diffusion Test （Modified Kirby-Bauer Test）83

Activity 3.3 Microbes and Health:An Illustration of Koch's Postulates86

Activity 3.4 Gram Staining92

Activity 3.5 Quantifying Bacterial Numbers95

Activity 3.6 Staining Eukaryotic Cells98

Chapter 3 Extension Activities100

Chapter 3 Vignettes65

How To... Use Aseptic Technique to Transfer Bacteria65

Careers In Biotech:Mihaela Sabau, Clinical Laboratory Scientist67

Bioethics:Should Human Embryos Be Used for Research?72

Biotech In The Real World: Artificial Life!73

Chapter 4: DNA Structure and Analysis102

Molecular Biology103

DNA Structure103

Recombinant DNA Technology105

Restriction Enzymes106

Ligases107

Horizontal Agarose Gel Electrophoresis108

Restriction Enzymes as Forensic Tools112

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms112

Chapter 4 Essay Questions113

Additional Resources113

Chapter 4 Laboratory Activities114

Activity 4.1 Restriction Site Prediction Using NEBcutter114

Activity 4.2 Casting Agarose Gels116

Activity 4.3 Dye Electrophoresis119

Activity 4.4 Restriction Digestion and Analysis of Lambda DNA121

Activity 4.5 Forensic DNA Fingerprinting126

Activity 4.6 Plasmid Mapping131

Chapter 4 Extension Activities133

Chapter 4 Vignettes104

Bioethics: Personal Genetic Information104

Careers In Biotech: Charles Lo, Commercial Rotation Development Program Associate106

How To... Set Up a Restriction Digest108

Biotech In The Real World: Did the Baker Do It?112

Chapter 5: Bacterial Transformation and Plasmid Purification134

History of Bacterial Transformation and Plasmids135

Plasmids: Structure and Function135

Using Plasmids in Biotechnology137

Transcriptional Regulation of Plasmids138

Transforming Cells140

Selection of Transformed Cells142

Plasmid Purification144

DNA Quantitation147

Chapter 5 Essay Questions149

Additional Resources149

Chapter 5 Laboratory Activities150

Activity 5.1 Bacterial Transformation with S3 Plasmid150

Activity 5.2 Bacterial Transformation withpGLO Plasmid155

Activity 5.3 Purification of S3 and pGLO Plasmids160

Activity 5.4 DNA Quantitation166

Chapter 5 Extension Activities172

Chapter 5 Vignettes136

Bioethics: A World without Antibiotics?136

How To... Transform E. coli Using Electroporation141

Biotech In The Real World:Plasmids and the Search for Energy143

How To... Use a Microcentrifuge146

Careers In Biotech: Denise Gangadharan,Acting Associate Director for Science148

Chapter 6: The Polymerase Chain Reaction174

Invention of PCR175

What Is PCR?175

PCR and DNA Replication177

Thermal Cyclers180

Types of PCR181

PCR Optimization183

Techniques Based on PCR185

Real-World Applications of PCR187

Chapter 6 Essay Questions191

Additional Resources191

Chapter 6 Laboratory Activities192

Activity 6.1 STR PCR Analysis192

Activity 6.2 GMO Detection by PCR197

Activity 6.3 Detection of the Human PV92 Alu Insertion204

Chapter 6 Extension Activities211

Chapter 6 Vignettes180

Careers In Biotech: Stan Hitomi,Math and Science Coordinator and Principal180

How To... Program a Thermal Cycler182

Biotech In The Real World: Biotech on the Pharm188

Bioethics: Forensic DNA Databases—Is Your Privacy Protected?189

Chapter 7: Protein Structure and Analysis212

Protein Synthesis213

Protein Structure215

Proteins in Biology217

Proteins in Biotechnology218

Methods of Protein Analysis220

Protein Quantitation220

Protein Electrophoresis222

Protein Chromatography225

Bioinformatics228

Chapter 7 Essay Questions229

Additional Resources229

Chapter 7 Laboratory Activities230

Activity 7.1 Protein Quantitation Using the Bradford Assay230

Activity 7.2 Size Exclusion Chromatography234

Activity 7.3 GFP Purification by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography237

Activity 7.4 SDS-PAGE of Fish Muscle243

Activity 7.5 Biofuel Enzyme Assay252

Activity 7.6 Exploring Bioinformatics with GFP264

Chapter 7 Extension Activities269

Chapter 7 Vignettes218

Bioethics: Food or Fuel?218

Careers In Biotech: Scott Chilton, Graduate Student220

How To... Set Up a Vertical Electrophoresis System224

Biotech In The Real World: Vaccines in Bananas227

Chapter 8: Immunological Applications270

The Immune System271

Antibodies272

Antibodies as Tools273

Immunoassays275

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay （ELISA）278

Western Blotting280

Chapter 8 Essay Questions285

Additional Resources285

Chapter 8 Laboratory Activities286

Activity 8.1 Ouchterlony Double Immunodiffusion Assay286

Activity 8.2 Serum Antibody Detection by ELISA288

Activity 8.3 Quantitative ELISA291

Activity 8.4 Western Blotting296

Chapter 8 Extension Activities303

Chapter 8 Vignettes277

How To... Select an Antibody277

Bioethics: Treatment of HIV Positive People in the Developing World282

Biotech In The Real World:Using FACS to Diagnose and Treat Cancer284

Careers In Biotech:Amanda Williams, Clinical Lab Technician285

Chapter 9: Research Projects304

What Is Research?305

Student Research Projects307

Choosing a Research Project310

Planning a Project312

Experimental Design313

Data Analysis314

Communicating Research316

Project Ideas318

Research Tools and Techniques319

Agricultural and Animal Research322

Food Science326

Humans and Health328

Forensics330

Energy and the Environment331

Considerations and Tips for All Laboratory Projects333

Chapter 9 Essay Questions336

Additional Resources336

Chapter 9 Vignettes306

Careers In Biotech: Sophy Wong, HIV Specialist306

Bioethics: The Case of Woo Suk Hwang307

Biotech In The Real World: Abraham Lincoln High School Takes On the iGEM Challenge311

How To... Read a Journal Article313

Appendices338

Appendix A: Fast Gel Protocol338

Appendix B: Alternative Staining Methods for Agarose Gels339

Appendix C:Using the SmartSpec Plus Spectrophotometer341

Appendix D: Glossary344

Appendix E: Laboratory Skills Assessment Rubric351

Appendix F: Laboratory Notebook and Project Rubrics372

Laboratory Notebook Rubric372

Project Progress Rubric373

Project Proposal Rubric374

Presentation Content Rubric375

Presentation Style Rubric376

Appendix G: Trademarks and Legal Notices377