THE RECEPTION OF INTENATIONAL LW IN THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTSPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Introduction1

1. The Evolving Background of the European Convention1

2. A Delicate Balance of Reception: The Interpretation Framework3

2.1 Interpretation Hindering the Reception Process7

2.1.1 Margin of Appreciation7

2.1.2 Consensual Interpretation9

2.1.3 Autonomous Interpretation10

2.1.4 Judicial Restraint10

2.2 Interpretation Enhancing the Reception Process11

2.2.1 Evolutive and Dynamic Interpretation11

2.2.2 Effectiveness Principle12

2.2.3 Systemic Integration13

2.2.4 Judicial Activism13

3. A Systemic Approach to the European Public Order14

3.1 An Operational System15

3.2 A Special Regime16

3.3 Fragmentation18

3.4 International Constitutionalism20

Ⅰ The Law of Treaties23

1. Preliminary Observations23

2. The Case Law of the Court Concerning the VCLT26

2.1 The Ordinary Meaning of Words26

2.2 The Object and Context31

2.3 Subsequent Practice37

2.4 Other Relevant Rules of International Law43

2.4.1 Renewed Interest in Article 31(3)(c) of the VCLT43

2.4.2 Case Law Relating to Article 31(3)(c) of the VCLT47

2.5 Travaux Preparatories58

3. Rationale of the Reasoning69

Ⅱ International Court of Justice72

1. Preliminary Observations72

2. Case Law Concerning the ICJ's Decisions and Statute75

2.1 The Initial Case Law75

2.2 Filling in Gaps79

2.3 The Clarification of Certain Commercial Aspects83

2.4 The Growing Differences Between the Systems84

2.5 Certain Points of Interest88

2.6 Issues of Fundamental International and Regional Importance90

2.7 Judicial Review of the UN's Actions94

3. Rationale of the Reasoning101

Ⅲ Child Rights107

1. Preliminary Observations107

2. The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction108

2.1 Strasbourg Case Law108

2.2 The Case Law of the Commission110

2.3 The Case Law of the ECtHR114

2.3.1 An Archetypal Case115

2.3.2 Non-ratification as a Relevant Factor117

2.3.3 Other Sources External to the ECHR118

2.3.4 Direct Intervention in Domestic Law118

2.3.5 Lack of Invocation and Application at the Domestic Level119

3. The Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption120

3.1 An International Treaty with Strong European Support120

3.2 The Pini and Others v Romania Case121

4. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child123

4.1 An International Treaty with Unanimous European Support123

4.2 Corporal Punishment and Abuse124

4.3 Children in Conflict with the Law and Juvenile Justice Issues127

4.3.1 The Nortier v The Netherlands Case127

4.3.2 The Tv United Kindgom and Vv United Kingdom Cases128

4.4 Ill-treatment of Illegal Immigrant Children133

4.5 Sexual Abuse and Rape135

5. ILO Convention on Worst Forms of Child Labour (No 182)139

5.1 An International Treaty Neglected in the ECtHR's Case Law139

5.2 Early Forced Labour Case Law140

5.3 The Siliadin v France Case142

6. Rationale of the Reasoning145

Ⅳ Civil and Political Rights149

1. Preliminary Observations149

1.1 The Coexistence of Both Systems149

1.2 The Differences Between the Systems152

2. International Civil and Political Rights154

2.1 Case Law on the Coexistence of the Strasbourg Bodies with the HRC155

2.1.1 Definition of the Relationship155

2.1.2 Proceedings Raising Different Issues155

2.1.3 Differences in ECtHR and HRC Rulings on Identical Issues160

2.1.4 An Improvement in the Relationship161

2.1.5 The ECtHR following HRC Case Law163

2.2 Case Law Referring to the ICCPR165

2.2.1 The Council of Civil Service Unions Case165

2.2.2 The Groppera Radio Case167

2.2.3 The TH and SH v Finland Case168

2.2.4 The Brannigan andMcBride and JS, PB and Others Cases170

2.2.5 The Kurt Case173

2.2.6 The Streletz and K-H W Cases175

2.2.7 The Gatzinger and Polacek Cases179

2.2.8 The Mamatkulov Cases181

2.2.9 The Riener and Bartik Cases182

3. Rationale of the Reasoning186

Ⅴ Prohibition on Torture and Other Ill-treatment190

1. Preliminary Observations190

2. Case Law Concerning the CAT Framework and Beyond194

2.1 Case Law Referring to the Convention Against Torture194

2.1.1 Pre-CAT Case Law194

2.1.2 Post-CAT Case Law198

3. Case Law Referring to the Committee Against Torture213

3.1 Case Law on the Coexistence with the Committee214

3.2 Case Law Referring to the Committee's Activities217

3.2.1 Case Law Concerning the Committee's Jurisprudence217

3.2.2 Reports of the Committee and Special Rapporteur222

4. Rationale of the Reasoning228

Ⅵ Refugee Rights232

1. Preliminary Observations232

2. Case Law Referring to the 1951 Refugee Convention234

2.1 Case Law Relating to Article 3 of the ECHR235

2.1.1 A Comparison of the ECH R with the 1951 Refugee Convention235

2.1.2 Extraterritorial Effect and Limitations of the Examination239

2.1.3 Distinction Between the Instruments241

2.1.4 Granting of Refugee Status242

2.1.5 International Obligations of the Respondent States246

2.2 Case Law Relating to Article 5 of the ECHR249

2.2.1 A Comparison of the ECHR with the 1951 Refugee Convention249

2.2.2 The Limited Number of References in the Case Law255

2.3 Case Law Relating to Article 8 of the ECHR266

2.3.1 A Comparison of the ECHR with the 1951 Refugee Convention266

2.3.2 Limitations of the Examination272

2.3.3 Criticisms of the Court's Approach273

2.3.4 Duty of Contracting States276

2.3.5 The Court's Conception of Its Own Role276

3. Case Law Referring to the Convention Against Torture277

4. Rationale of the Reasoning280

Ⅶ State Immunity283

1. Preliminary Observations283

1.1 The Concept of Immunity283

1.2 Conventional Law285

1.3 International Practice286

1.4 State Practice287

1.4.1 National Decisions Based on International Law288

1.4.2 National Decisions Based on Domestic Law289

2. The Strasbourg Case Law291

2.1 Preliminary Observations291

2.2 The Al-Adsani v United Kingdom Case292

2.3 The Fogarty v United Kingdom Case293

2.4 The McElhinney v Ireland Case293

3. Analysis of the Court's References to International Law294

3.1 A Common Reasoning294

3.1.1 Analysis of Article 6(1) of the ECHR295

3.1.2 The Court's Reasoning297

3.2 Differences in the Reasoning298

3.2.1 The Reasoning of the Majority298

3.2.2 The Limited Contribution of the Majority301

3.2.3 The Different Reasoning of the Minority304

3.3 Further Considerations306

4. Rationale of the Reasoning308

Ⅷ International Humanitarian Law313

1. Preliminary Observations313

2. International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law314

2.1 Differences and Similarities Between the Systems314

2.2 The Interaction of Both Systems in Treaty Provisions315

2.3 The Position of International Bodies: The Status of Lex Specialis316

2.4 The Challenging of the Lex Specialis Rule by Academics318

3. References to IHL in the Strasbourg Case Law321

3.1 The Cyprus v Turkey Case323

3.2 The Engeland Others v The Netherlands Case325

3.3 The Gulc v Turkey Case326

3.4 The Ergi v Turkey Case328

3.5 The Ozkan v Turkey Case330

3.6 The Isayeva and Others v Russia Case332

3.7 The Isayeva v Russia Case335

3.8 The Akkum and Others v Turkey Case336

3.9 The Markovic and Others v Italy Case338

3.10 The Korbely v Hungary Case341

4. Analysis of the Reasoning Used in the Case Law345

5. Rationale of the Reasoning348

Conclusion352

1. Preliminary Observations352

2. Cross-Cutting Factors: To Receive or Not to Receive?353

2.1 International Law Invoked at the Domestic Level353

2.2 Cases Intertwined with International Law354

2.3 The Need to Harmonize a Provision with International Law355

2.4 Use in the Drafting of the ECHR357

2.5 Uncertainty Regarding International Law358

2.6 The Need to Fill in Gaps360

2.7 Textual and Substantive Similarities361

2.8 More Specific Guidelines in International Law361

2.9 The Need to Assess the Human Rights Situation in a Country362

2.10 Political Issues and State Interests363

2.11 Advantages of using the ECHR364

2.12 Procedural and Substantive Law366

2.13 Ratification Record367

2.14 Universal Reach of International Instruments367

2.15 Backgrounds of the Judges368

2.16 Concluding Remarks369

3. Basic Characteristics of the Strasbourg Case Law370

3.1 The Difference Between the Court and the Commission370

3.2 Referring to General Law versus a Special Regime372

3.3 Margin of Appreciation373

4. Comparative Analysis374

4.1 Overview of the Factors' Influence374

4.1.1 Pre-Existing and Technical Reasons376

4.1.2 The Need to Improve and Update the ECHR377

4.1.3 Common Ground Between the ECHR and International Law378

4.1.4 Other Factors378

4.2 Overview of the Cross-Cutting Issues and Results Analysis379

4.2.1 General Trends379

4.2.2 The Reception Scenarios381

5. The Wider Context of the Strasbourg Reception Process382

5.1 Interactions Between the ECHR and International Law382

5.2 An Approach Aimed at Self-Reinforcement385

5.3 Insufficient Integration into the International Legal Order387

5.4 The Nature of the ECHR Special Regime388

5.4.1 The ECHR's Constitutional and Regional Features388

5.4.2 The ECHR's Conflict Resolution Rules391

5.5 Interactions Between Special Regimes394

5.6 International Conflict Resolution Rules396

5.7 The Role of General International Law398

6. Future Research399

7. Further Improvement at the ECHR Level400

Bibliography406

Index417