应用认知语言学 概念隐喻与意像图式在英语学习中的应用PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Chapter 1　Introduction1

1.1 Introduction1

1.2　The Biggest Problem for Chinese EFL Learners1

1.3　The Theoretical Framework3

1.4　Methodology8

1.5　Conclusions and Significance of the Study9

1.6　The Organization of the Dissertation10

Chapter 2　Literature Review of the Acquisition of Vocabulary,Idioms,and Proverbs11

2.1 Introduction11

2.2　Some Basic Concepts Concerning Vocabulary Learning12

2.2.1　What does'vocabulary learning'imply?12

2.2.2　Context13

2.2.3　L2 vocabulary learning and acquisition16

2.2.4　Summary16

2.3 Vocabulary Acquisition Research in the Past Thirty Years16

2.4　A Framework for Reviewing EFL Vocabulary Learning21

2.5 Chinese EFL Learners'Vocabulary23

2.5.1 An expert view on Chinese EFL learners'vocabulary24

2.5.2 Learners'own evaluation27

2.5.3 A corpus survey on Chinese EFL learners'vocabulary28

2.5.4 Conclusion29

2.6 Vocabulary Learning Material29

2.6.1 Organization and presentation of learning material29

2.6.2 Clustering words by semantic features31

2.6.3 Conceptual metaphor in expanding lexicon33

2.6.4 Summary33

2.7 Vocabulary Learning Process34

2.7.1 Cognitive qualities of input and their influences on retention34

2.7.2 Level of processing hypothesis37

2.7.3 Involvement load hypothesis38

2.7.4 Summary39

2.8 Vocabulary Learning Strategies40

2.8.1 Vocabulary learning strategies40

2.8.2 Keyword mnemonics,rote rehearsal,and semantic processing42

2.8.3 Summary43

2.9 The Acquisition of Idioms and Proverbs43

2.9.1 The learning of idioms and proverbs44

2.9.2 The cognitive motivation for the meaning of idioms and proverbs45

2.9.3 Summary47

2.10 What the Conceptual Metaphor and Image Schema Based Approach Can Offer to Vocabulary Development/Learning48

2.11 Conclusions49

Chapter 3 Exposition of a Conceptual Metaphor＆Image Schema Based Approach53

3.1 Introduction53

3.2　Technical terms54

3.3 A Theory of Conceptual Metaphor56

3.3.1 A general classification of metaphor theories56

3.3.2 A theory of conceptual metaphor60

3.3.3 Conceptual metaphor links concrete and abstract domains63

3.3.4 Summary:conceptual metaphor linking metaphor sets,idioms and proverbs64

3.4 The Theory of Image Schema65

3.4.1 Image schemas are recurring patterns65

3.4.2 The Invariance hypothesis:Image schemas in conceptual metaphors68

3.4.3 The major properties of image schemas69

3.4.4 Summary71

3.5 Image Schemas in Lexical Semantic Analysis72

3.5.1 Relations between image schemas and words72

3.5.2 The application of image schemas in lexical semantics74

3.5.3 A new way of analyzing lexical meaning:Image schematic feature analysis80

3.5.4 Summary81

3.6 Conclusions:The Hierarchical Structure81

3.7 The Proposed Hypotheses85

Chapter 4 Theoretical Support for the Conceptual Metaphor and Image Schema Based Approach86

4.1 Introduction86

4.2 Dual Coding Theory86

4.2.1 Major claims of DCT87

4.2.2 Empirical Studies of Concreteness Effects88

4.2.3 A Bilingual Version of"Dual Coding Theory"90

4.2.4 How DCT supports the"Conceptual Metaphor and Image Schema Based Approach"93

4.2.5 Summary97

4.3 Psychological Reality of Image Schemas97

4.3.1 What is psychologically real?98

4.3.2 Behavioral evidence for the psychological reality of image schemas98

4.3.3 Image schemas as conceptual primitives during infancy101

4.3.4 The neurological reality of conceptual metaphor103

4.3.5 Schematic knowledge of spatial diagram representation104

4.3.6 Summary107

4.4 Psychological Reality of Hierarchical Structures107

4.4.1 Hierarchical organizations in various domains107

4.4.2 Evidence for the psychological reality of hierarchical structure108

4.4.3 The advantages of hierarchical structure110

4.4.4 Summary111

4.5 Conclusions111

Chapter 5 Methodology:Empirical Support for the Conceptual Metaphor＆Image Schema based Approach114

5.1 Introduction114

5.2 Experiments on Hypothesis 1115

5.2.1 Hypothesis 1115

5.2.2 Materials116

5.2.3 Methodology118

5.3 Experiments on Hypothesis 2120

5.3.1 Hypothesis 2120

5.3.2 Materials122

5.3.3 Methodology123

5.4 Experiments on Hypothesis 3124

5.4.1 Hypothesis 3124

5.4.2 Materials124

5.4.3 Methodology126

5.5 Experiments on Hypothesis 4130

5.5.1 Hypothesis 4130

5.5.2 Materials131

5.5.3 Methodology133

5.6 Experiments on Hypothesis 5137

5.6.1 Hypothesis 5137

5.6.2 Materials139

5.6.3 Methodology141

5.7 Summary143

Chapter 6 The Results144

6.1 Introduction144

6.2 Results of Hypothesis 1145

6.2.1 The output of SPSS145

6.2.2 Descriptive comments146

6.2.3 Conclusion147

6.3 Results of Hypothesis 2147

6.3.1 The output of SPSS147

6.3.2 Descriptive comments148

6.3.3 Conclusion149

6.4 Results of Hypothesis 3150

6.4.1 The output of SPSS150

6.4.2 Descriptive comments151

6.4.3 Conclusion152

6.5 Results of Hypothesis 4152

6.5.1 The output of SPSS152

6.5.2 Descriptive comments154

6.5.3 Conclusion156

6.6 Results of Hypothesis 5157

6.6.1 The output of SPSS157

6.6.2 Descriptive comments159

6.6.3 Conclusion161

6.7 Conclusions162

Chapter 7 General Discussions and Conclusions165

7.1 Introduction165

7.2 Conceptual Metaphors as Organizers of Metaphorical Expressions166

7.3 Conceptual Metaphors in English and Chinese168

7.4 Conceptual Metaphors as Motivators in Understanding Idioms and Proverbs170

7.5 Image Schemas in Organizing Metaphorical Expressions and in Motivating Idioms and Proverbs171

7.6 General Discussion on Subjects'Opinions Reflected from Questionnaires173

7.7 Conclusions176

Chapter 8 Pedagogical Implications&Applications178

8.1 Introduction178

8.2 Using Conceptual Metaphors and Image Schemas in Extending Lexicon179

8.3 Using Conceptual Metaphors and Image Schemas in the Acquisition of Idioms and Proverbs184

8.4 Using Conceptual Metaphors and Image Schemas in Reading Comprehension189

8.5 Using Conceptual Metaphor and Image Schemas in Literary Analysis193

8.6 Conclusion:Bridging the Gulf between Cognitive Linguistics and Applied Linguistics196

References201

List of Appendices239

Appendix 1:Test for Hypothesis 1239

Appendix 2:Learning Material for Group 1 in Hypothesis 1241

Appendix 3:Discussion Material for Group 2 in Hypothesis 1245

Appendix 4:Learning Material for Group 2 in Hypothesis 1246

Appendix 5:Test for Hypothesis 2251

Appendix 6:Discussion Material for Group 1(English conceptual metaphors)in Hypothesis 2253

Appendix 7:Learning Material for Group 1 in Hypothesis 2254

Appendix 8:Discussion Material for Group 2(Chinese metaphors)in Hypothesis 2258

Appendix 9:Learning Material for Group 2 in Hypothesis 2259

Appendix 10:Test for Hypothesis 3264

Appendix 11:Learning Material for Group 1 in Hypothesis 3265

Appendix 12:Discussion Material for Group 2 in Hypothesis 3268

Appendix 13:Learning Material for Group 2 in Hypothesis 3268

Appendix 14:Test for Hypothesis 4273

Appendix 15:One Week Delay Test for Hypothesis 4274

Appendix 16:Learning Material for Group 1 in Hypothesis 4275

Appendix 17:Learning Material for Group 2 in Hypothesis 4277

Appendix 18:Discussion and Learning Material for Group 3 in Hypothesis 4279

Appendix 19:Test for Hypothesis 5284

Appendix 20:One Week Delay Test for Hypothesis 5285

Appendix 21:Learning Material for Group 1 in Hypothesis 5286

Appendix 22:Learning Material for Group 2 in Hypothesis 5288

Appendix 23:Discussion and Learning Material for Group 3 in Hypothesis 5291

Appendix 24:100-word list organized by conceptual metaphors297

Appendix 25:100-word list with frequency from Thorndike(1972)305

Appendix 26:100-word list with degrees of difficulty309

Appendix 27:Questionnaire312

Appendix 28:Selected Diagram(1)drawn by Group 2 in H3313

Appendix 29:Selected Diagram(2)drawn by Group 2 in H3314

Appendix 30:Selected Diagram(3)drawn by Group 3 in H3315

Appendix 31:Image(1)used in Group 3 in H4316

Appendix 32:Image(2)used in Group 3 in H5317

Appendix 33:SPSS outcome for H1(Group 1 and 2)318

Appendix 34:SPSS outcome for H2(Group 1 and 2)319

Appendix 35:SPSS outcome for H3(Group 1 and 2)320

Appendix 36:SPSS outcome for H4(Group 1 and 2)321

Appendix 37:SPSS outcome for H4(Group 1 and 3)322

Appendix 38:SPSS outcome for H4(Group 2 and 3)323

Appendix 39:SPSS outcome for H5(Group 1 and 2)324

Appendix 40:SPSS outcome for H5(Group 1 and 3)325

Appendix 41:SPSS outcome for H4(Group 2 and 3)326