NUMERICAL METHODS OF PETROLIFEROUS BASIN MODELING THIRD EDITIONPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

NUMERICAL METHODS OF PETROLIFEROUS BASIN MODELING THIRD EDITIONPDF格式电子书版下载

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Chapter 1 Introduction1

1 objectives and Description of Basin Modeling1

2 Basin Modeling Scope2

3 Development History of Basin Modeling 5

3.1 History of Basin Modeling Development in the World6

3.2 History of Basin Modeling Development in China 8

3.3 Comparison of Basin Modeling Technologies both China-made and Overseas-made 9

4 Future Development Trend of Basin Modeling 11

4.1 System Size11

4.2 Method Breakthrough11

4.3 Software Architecture12

4.4 Main Problem to be Tackled Ahead12

Exercises13

Chapter 2 Generality of Basin Modeling System14

1 Input Parameters15

1.1 Input Parameters of Geohistory Model15

1.2 Input Parameters of Geothermal History Model15

1.3 Input Parameters of Hydrocarbon Generation History Model16

1.4 Input Parameters of Hydrocarbon Expulsion History Model 16

1.5 Input Parameters of Hydrocarbon Migration-accumulation History Model16

1.6 Input Parameters of the Parameter Sensitivity and Risk Analyses of Basin Modeling17

2 Modeling Methods17

3 Output Graphics20

3.1 Graphics of Geohistory Model21

3.2 Graphics of Geothermal History Model 21

3.3 Graphics of Hydrocarbon Generation History Model21

3.4 Graphics of Hydrocarbon Expulsion History Model22

3.5 Graphics of Hydrocarbon Migration-accumulation History Model22

3.6 Graphics of the Parameter Sensitivity and Risk Analyses of Basin Modeling23

3.7 Graphics of Integrated Petroleum Resource Evaluation23

Exercises23

Chapter 3 Geohistory Model24

1 Backstripping(for normal-compacted formations)26

1.1 Prediction of the Maximum Buried Depth in History30

1.2 Without Considering Erosion or Fault33

1.3 With Erosion Considered 34

1.4 With Fault Considered 38

1.5 With both Erosion and Fault Considered42

1.6 With Paleo-bathymetry Considered42

1.7 Infill of the Burial Points 44

2 Overpressure (for under-compacted formations)52

2.1 Non-overpressure Formation53

2.2 Overpressure Formation53

2.3 Overpressure Equation 53

2.4 Thickness Equation56

2.5 Solution of Overpressure Equation 57

2.6 Solution of Thickness Equation60

2.7 Calculation of Overpressure History and Thickness History 60

3 Combination of Backstripping and Overpressure63

4 Tectonic Subsidence63

5 Balanced Cross Section Technique65

5.1 Basic Principle66

5.2 Geometric Model of Structural Deformation 66

5.3 Restoration of Deformed Structure67

Exercises69

Chapter 4 Geothermal History Model71

1 Algorithm with the Known Geothermal Gradient History 73

2 Algorithm with the Known Heatflow History74

3 Two Methods to Estimate Present Heatflow75

3.1 Statistics Method75

3.2 Thermal Conduction Method80

4 Combination of Geothermics and Geochemistry81

4.1 Calculation of Heatflow History for Each Zone81

4.2 Calculation of Well Temperature History 85

5 Other Geochemical Data Except for R。89

5.1 Isomerization of Sterane or Hopane90

5.2 Aromatization of Sterane 91

5.3 Areal Track Number Density of Fission Scar Tracks in Apatite91

5.4 Average Track Length of Fission Scar Tracks in Apatite92

5.5 Distribution of Track Lengths of Fission Scar Tracks in Apatite92

6 Geothermics93

6.1 McKenzie Method93

6.2 Falvey Method95

7 Diagenetic History96

7.1 Smectite to Illite Transformation97

7.2 Quartz Cementation100

Exercises104

Chapter 5 Hydrocarbon Generation History Model105

1 Hydrocarbon Maturity History 106

1.1 TTI-R。106

1.2 Kinetic Equations115

1.3 Easy R。129

1.4 Isomerization Index of Sterane and Hopane130

2 Hydrocarbon Yield History135

2.1 Calculation of the Hydrocarbon Yield Based on R。History 135

2.2 Calculation of the Hydrocarbon Yield Based on Transformation Ratio History146

2.3 Calculation of Total Organic Carbon(TOC)149

2.4 Calculation of Hydrocarbon Saturation149

Exercises152

Chapter 6 Hydrocarbon Expulsion History Model153

1 Compaction-filtration Method for Oil Expulsion155

1.1 Oil Expulsion Coefficient155

1.2 Oil Expulsion Concentration159

1.3 Amount of Expelled Oil 160

2 Pressure-difference-filtration Method for Oil Expulsion164

2.1 At the Threshold of Oil Generation167

2.2 After the Threshold of Oil Generation168

2.3 Amount of Expelled Oil 170

3 Mass Balance Method for Gas Expulsion170

3.1 Gas Expulsion Concentration171

3.2 Amount of Expelled Gas175

4 Mechanics of Fluid Flow Through Porous Media for Hydrocarbon Expulsion176

5 Hydrocarbon Expulsion Direction179

5.1 Normal Direction Method179

5.2 Darcy’s Law Method180

Exercises182

Chapter 7 Hydrocarbon Migration-accumulation History Model184

1 Present Fluid Potential of 3-phase(water，oil，gas)187

1.1 Water Potential Formula187

1.2 Oil Potential Formula 189

1.3 Gas Potential Formula189

1.4 Application of Present Fluid Potential 190

2 Simplified Method of Pseudo 3-D(x，y，formation thickness)and 2-phase(oil，gas)History Simulation192

2.1 Rule of the Distribution of Hydrocarbon Expelled from Source Rock Formation193

2.2 Hydrocarbon Column Height195

2.3 Hydrocarbon Accumulation Concentration197

2.4 Amount of Hydrocarbon Accumulation197

2.5 Control of Migration Pathway201

3 Finite Difference of 2-D(x，z)and 3-phase(water，oil，gas)History Simulation204

3.1 Basic Equations for Fluid Flow Through Porous Media205

3.2 3-phase(water，oil，gas)Flow Equations206

3.3 Finite Difference Equations206

3.4 Boundary Conditions212

3.5 Initial Conditions 215

3.6 Fully Implicit Formulation217

3.7 Special Processing of Simulation Area and Simulation Time236

3.8 Control of Migration Pathway243

3.9 Major Simulation Results243

3.10 Derivation ofα=0.001127245

4 Finite Volume of 3-D(x，y，z)and 3-phase(water，oil，gas)History Simulation251

4.1 Gridding of 3-D geological volume252

4.2 Basic Equations for Fluid Flow Through Porous Media254

4.3 3-phase(water，oil，gas)Flow Equations254

4.4 Finite Volume Equations254

4.5 Boundary Conditions259

4.6 Initial Conditions260

4.7 Fully Implicit Formulation260

4.8 Special Processing Of Simulation Area and Simulation Time272

4.9 Control of Migration Pathway272

4.10 Major Simulation Results272

5 Discussion of Simulation Method and Algorithm273

5.1 Dimension Selection273

5.2 Phase Selection274

5.3 Algorithm Selection274

Exercises274

Chapter 8 Parameter Sensitivity and Risk Analyses of Basin Modeling276

1 Parameter Sensitivity Analysis277

2 Risk Analysis of Modeling Results280

2.1 Generation of Pseudorandom Number280

2.2 Determination of Sensible Parameter Values281

2.3 Calculation of Basin Modeling282

2.4 Drawing the Probability Distribution Maps of Modeling Results282

2.5 Risk Analysis of Modeling Results282

2.6 Discussions about Application of Risk Analysis 284

2.7 Brief Summary284

Exercises285

Chapter 9 Integrated Analysis and Evaluation on Petroleum Resources287

1 Relationship of Basin Modeling and Petroleum System287

2 Integrated Analysis and Evaluation289

2.1 Hydrocarbon Generation，Migration，Trapping，Accumulation，Sealing and Preservation Analyses289

2.2 Integrated Analysis and Evaluation292

Exercises293

Chapter 10 Basin Modeling Software Technology294

l Method Instruction296

2 Data File Coding Instruction296

3 Operation Manual297

4 Model Exercises297

5 Software Flowchart298

6 Source Program299

6.1 Hierarchy 299

6.2 English Note299

6.3 Programming Language301

6.4 COMMON Block301

6.5 Independence between Calculation Program and Mapping Programs302

Exercises302

Table of Unit Conversion303

Answers to all Exercises of the Book307

1 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 1307

2 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 2308

3 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 3309

4 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 4312

5 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 5315

6 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 6316

7 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 7319

8 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 8323

9 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 9325

10 Answers to the Exercises of Chapter 10326

References327

Postscript337