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INTRODUCTION1

Part Ⅰ：SOCIOLOGY3

Unit Ⅰ：SOCIAL TRENDS3

Ⅰ．GENERAL SOCIAL TRENDS3

Orientation3

Economic Trends which Have an Immediate Bearing on Health6

Social Trends which Have an Immediate Bearing on Health9

Questions20

Ⅱ．TRENDS IN SOCIAL LEGISLATION21

The Social Security Program21

Social Insurance22

Public Assistance23

Other Health and Welfare Services25

Federal Legislation Relating to Servicemen in World War Ⅱ27

Vocational Rehabilitation29

The GI Bill29

The Veterans Preference Act of June，194429

The Housing Program in the United States30

The Federal Housing Administration(F．H．A．)30

The Resettlement and Farm Security Administrations31

The United States Housing Authority(U．S．H．A．)31

The Lanham Act34

The Tennessee Valley Authority34

Federal Legislation Governing Labor37

Workmen＇s Compensation37

Legislation Governing Child Labor39

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 193840

Proposed Health Legislation40

Proposed Federal Legislation Relating to Health40

Questions42

Suggested Problems43

Bibliography43

Unit Ⅱ：PERSONALITY AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL LIFE45

INTRODUCTION45

Ⅲ．CULTURE OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLES AND EARLY CIVILIZATIONS48

The Upper Paleolithic Age49

The Neolithic Age49

Health Among Primitives54

Poverty54

Status of Women55

Status of Young and Old55

Training of Children55

Civilization before the Fall of Rome56

The Care of the Sick in the Early Civilizations56

Questions58

Ⅳ．BRIEF REVIEW OF CULTURAL CHANGE59

Feudalism in Its Different Forms59

Agricultural Feudalism59

Urban Feudalism61

The Beginning of Capitalism62

The Industrial Revolution—Better termed Evolution64

Modern Capitalism and Limitation by Legislation66

Care of the Sick and the Culture of the Group66

Questions71

Ⅴ．RACE，NATIONALITY AND SOCIAL STATUS IN RELATION TO PERSONALITY72

The Negro in the United States74

The Health of the Negro76

Conclusion76

Personality of Immigrants78

Contrast of Life in the＂Old Country＂and Present-Day America78

History of Immigration in the United States78

Immigration Laws80

Contrast between Life in the Old Country and in United States81

Some Representative Immigrant Groups89

Immigration and Nursing93

Questions94

Ⅵ．PERSONALITY AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL LIFE95

Suggested Problems96

Bibliography97

Unit Ⅲ：THE FAMILY99

Ⅶ．BIOLOGICAL，ECONOMIC，EMOTIONAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS99

The Historical Development of the Family99

The Family among Primitive Peoples99

The Patriarchal Family100

The Family in the American Colonies100

The Family in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries100

Four Aspects of Family Life101

Biological Interdependence101

Economic Interdependence102

Psychological Interdependence105

Cultural Interdependence108

American Levels of Family Living108

Minimum of Subsistence Level110

Minimum Health and Decency Level110

The Comfort Level110

The Socially Acceptable Level110

The Family Living Standard in Relation to Health112

In the City113

In the Rural Area115

Questions117

Ⅷ．THE PARENTS AND THE HOME118

Daily Family Life118

Emotional Stability119

Habit Problems Found among Normal Children121

Eating124

Sleep126

Aggressive Acts．Anger and Temper Tantrums126

Destructiveness127

Behavior Problems Associated with Ownership128

Retreat as a Method of Meeting Failure129

Day-dreaming and Shyness129

Jealousy130

Lying130

Behavior Problems Associated with Sex131

Delinquency131

Attitude toward Others132

Problems of Adolescence133

Questions135

Ⅸ．THE MODERN FAMILY136

Forces in Family Disorganization136

Individualism of the Time136

Life in the City137

Women in Industry138

Individual Forces which Lead to Family Disorganization141

Neighborhood Forces which Lead to Family Disorganization141

Family Reorganization145

The Nurse and Institutions which Serve the Normal Family146

Marriage and Family Guidance Clinics146

Maternity Clinics147

Well-Baby Clinics147

The Clinic for the Preschool Child147

Public Health Services in the Schools147

The Clinic for Venereal Disease147

Child Study and the Child Guidance Clinic148

The Children＇s Bureau149

The Day Nursery，Nursery School，and Child Center150

Family Case Work154

Questions155

Suggested Problems156

Bibliography157

Unit Ⅳ：THE MODERN COMMUNITY—RURAL AND URBAN158

INTRODUCTION158

The Community as Part of the Region158

Regional Planning160

Social Institutions in the Community161

Urban versus Rural Life162

Ⅹ．THE RURAL COMMUNITY165

The Rural Population：Farm and Non-Farm165

Levels of Living in Rural Areas166

The Farm：Types of Farms168

The Trend after the War176

Rural Non-Farm Community178

Conclusion181

Questions181

Ⅺ．THE FUNCTIONS OF THE RURAL COMMUNITY183

Rural Government183

Social Control184

Transportation and Communication185

Farmers＇Organizations186

Libraries189

Recreation189

Social Agencies190

Health Work in the Country194

Rural Hospitalization194

Rural Planning195

Questions198

Ⅻ．THE CITY199

Cities：Types，Location and Growth199

Functions of the City205

Government205

City Services206

Education214

Recreation216

Buying and Selling in the City220

Houses220

Furniture221

Clothing222

Food223

Questions224

ⅩⅢ．THE CITY(CONTINUED)225

Social Agencies225

Union of Health Service and Social Agencies227

Two Social Institutions：The Family and the Church232

Social Control of the City233

City Planning234

Questions234

ⅩⅣ．THE CITY(CONTINUED)235

The Place of Nursing in the Urban Community235

Nursing in Urban Communities235

Nursing in Deteriorated Areas237

Nursing in Residential Areas238

Nursing among the Wealthy239

Industrial Nursing239

Conclusion242

Questions242

Suggested Problems242

Bibliography244

Part Ⅱ：SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NURSING SERVICE246

INTRODUCTION246

Unit Ⅰ：SOCIAL TREND IN NURSING SERVICE247

ⅩⅤ．SOCIAL PROBLEMS247

Social Problems Defined and Classified247

Social Causes and Results of Disease248

Medical Social Problems249

Social Problems in Nursing Service250

The Mass Attack on Medical Social Problems253

Summary254

Questions254

ⅩⅥ．SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN HOSPITAL NURSING255

Community Social Service255

Hospital Social Service257

Adjustment of Family and Friends to Patient＇s Condition260

The Community and the Handicapped261

Plan of Nursing Care262

A Nursing Care Study263

Questions265

ⅩⅦ．INTEGRATION OF HOSPITAL NURSING AND SOCIAL SERVICE266

The Student Nurse267

Student Nurse＇s Participation in Social Problems272

Medical Social Problems Met in Nursing Service272

Cancer of the Rectum272

Care of Patients with Amputations274

Mild Mental Disorders in the Aged275

Medical Social Problems in Nursing of Children279

Medical Social Problems of the Diabetic281

Work of the Hospital Social Service282

Questions285

Suggested Problems286

Bibliography286

Unit Ⅱ：MEDICAL SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE COMMUNITY288

INTRODUCTION288

ⅩⅧ．MEETING THE PROBLEM OF SICKNESS289

Courses of Sickness289

The Economic Cost of Sickness293

Methods of Meeting the Problem of Sickness293

Mutual Benefit Associations294

Labor Unions294

Fraternal Orders294

Insurance Companies294

Group Hospital Service Plans296

The Place of Health Service in Urban Social Problems298

Questions299

ⅩⅨ．MAJOR HANDICAPS CAUSING MEDICAL SOCIAL PROBLEMS300

Introduction300

Blindness and Visual Disorders301

Disease as a Cause of Blindness302

Accident as Cause of Blindness303

Prevention303

Social Results of Blindness305

Public and Private Aid to the Blind307

Social Service and the Blind308

Blindness Resulting from War Injuries309

Case Study of a Blind Girl310

Deafness and Impairment of Hearing310

Heredity，Disease and Injury as Causes311

Social Results of Deafness312

Public and Private Aid to the Deaf314

The Blind Deaf Mute315

Deafness Resulting from War Injuries316

Case Study of a Deaf Professional Man316

Case Study of a Deaf Mute316

The Crippled317

Relative Frequency of Orthopedic Impairments318

Causes of Crippling319

Social Adjustment319

Prevention and Relief320

War Injuries321

Case Study of a Crippled Boy322

Venereal Disease as a Medical Social Problem322

Incidence323

Program for Prevention and Relief323

Syphilis in War326

Tuberculosis，Cancer，Diabetes，and Heart Disease as Medical Social Problems326

Tuberculosis326

Cancer328

Diabetes329

Heart Disease330

Mental Deficiency as a Medical Social Problem331

Causes of Mental Deficiency-333

Social Adjustment333

Prevention and Care334

The Insane335

Personality Maladjustment in Relation to Economic and Social Life336

War Injuries：The Mentally or Emotionally Handicapped337

The Alcoholic and the Drug Addict338

The Criminal and the Prostitute339

Classification of Crimes340

Women in Prostitution342

The Dependent Child342

Care of the Dependent Child342

The Illegitimate Child344

Summaries of Case Studies345

The Aged346

Old Age346

Care of the Old346

Youth348

Bad Effects of Working Conditions351

Youth＇s Contribution to Family Support351

The Homeless352

The Homeless Man and Woman352

Homeless Youth354

Homeless Families356

Questions357

Suggested Problems357

Bibliography358

GLOSSARY360

INDEX370