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英语测试PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载
- （英）希顿（Heaton J.B.）著 著
- 出版社： 北京：外语教学与研究出版社
- ISBN：7560085296
- 出版时间：2012
- 标注页数：198页
- 文件大小：8MB
- 文件页数：228页
- 主题词：
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图书目录
Introduction to language testing5
1.1 Testing and teaching5
1.2 Why test?6
1.3 What should be tested and to what standard?7
1.4 Testing the language skills8
1.5 Testing language areas9
1.6 Language skills and language elements10
1.7 Recognition and production11
1.8 Problems of sampling12
1.9 Avoiding traps for the students14
Approaches to language testing15
2.1 Background15
2.2 The essay-translation approach15
2.3 The structuralist approach15
2.4 The integrative approach16
2.5 The communicative approach19
3 Objective testing25
3.1 Subjective and objective testing25
3.2 Objective tests26
3.3 Multiple-choice items: general27
3.4 Multiple-choice items: the stem/ the correct option/the distractors30
3.5 Writing the test33
4 Tests of grammar and usage34
4.1 Introduction34
4.2 Multiple-choice grammar items: item types34
4.3 Constructing multiple-choice items37
4.4 Constructing error-recognition multiple-choice items39
4.5 Constructing rearrangement items41
4.6 Constructing completion items42
4.7 Constructing transformation items46
4.8 Constructing items involving the changing of words48
4.9 Constructing ‘broken sentence’ items49
4.10 Constructing pairing and matching items49
4.11 Constructing combination and addition items50
Testing vocabulary51
5.1 Selection of items51
5.2 Multiple-choice items (A)52
5.3 Multiple-choice items (B)56
5.4 Sets (associated words)58
5.5 Matching items58
5.6 More objective items60
5.7 Completion items62
Listening comprehension tests64
6.1 General64
6.2 Phoneme discrimination tests65
6.3 Tests of stress and intonation68
6.4 Statements and dialogues69
6.5 Testing comprehension through visual materials71
6.6 Understanding talks and lectures82
7 Oral production tests88
7.1 Some difficulties in testing the speaking skills88
7.2 Reading aloud89
7.3 Conversational exchanges90
7.4 Using pictures for assessing oral production92
7.5 The oral interview96
7.6 Some other techniques for oral examining102
Testing reading comprehension105
8.1 The nature of the reading skills105
8.2 Initial stages of reading: matching tests107
8.3 Intermediate and advanced stages of reading: matching tests110
8.4 True/false reading tests113
8.5 Multiple-choice items (A): short texts116
8.6 Multiple-choice items (B): longer texts117
8.7 Completion items124
8.8 Rearrangement items129
8.9 Cloze procedure131
8.10 Open-ended and miscellaneous items133
8.11 Cursory reading133
Testing the writing skills135
9.1 The writing skills135
9.2 Testing composition writing136
9.3 Setting the composition138
9.4 Grading the composition144
9.5 Treatment of written errors149
9.6 Objective tests: mechanics150
9.7 Objective tests: style and register152
9.8 Controlled writing154
10 Criteria and types of tests159
10.1 Validity159
10.2 Reliability162
10.3 Reliability versus validity164
10.4 Discrimination165
10.5 Administration167
10.6 Test instructions to the candidate168
10.7 Backwash effects170
10.8 Types of tests171
11 Interpreting test scores174
11.1 Frequency distribution174
11.2 Measures of central tendency175
11.3 Measures of dispersion176
11.4 Item analysis178
11.5 Moderating185
11.6 Item cards and banks185
Selected bibliography188
Index191
文库索引193