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Chapter 1 Background and Beginnings of Athenian Law3

§ 1.01 Introduction3

§ 1.02 The Earliest Greek Law4

§ 1.03 The First “Lawgivers” ＆ Written Laws6

A. Introduction6

B. Draco8

C. Solon9

D. The Impact of Written Laws10

§ 1.04 The Evolving Vocabulary of “Law”10

§ 1.05 The “Reinscription” of Laws11

§ 1.06 Justice ＆ Jurisprudence： The Role of Law12

§ 1.07 Chapter Summary13

Chapter 2 Legal Procedure， Institutions， and Organization15

§ 2.01 Private ＆ Public Arbitration； Deme Judges15

§ 2.02 The Vocabulary of Athenian Legal Procedure16

§ 2.03 Litigation Procedure18

§ 2.04 Pleading ＆ Forms of Action21

A. Diamartyria21

B. Paragraphe22

§ 2.05 Organization ＆ Personnel： Judges， Courts， ＆ Calendars23

§ 2.06 Cases Involving Non-citizens25

§ 2.07 Graphe Paranomen26

§ 2.08 Juries26

§ 2.09 Evidence28

§ 2.10 Legislation29

§ 2.11 Sychophancy30

§ 2.12 Remedies， Damages， ＆ Punishments31

§ 2.13 Appeals ＆ the Finality of Judgments32

§ 2.14 Dike Exoules32

§ 2.15 Chapter Summary33

Law in Literature： Jurors and Juries — Aristophanes’ The Wasps Introduction36

Ⅰ. The Noble Juror36

Ⅱ. Debate37

Ⅲ. Procleon’s New Role38

Ⅳ. The Transformation39

Conclusion40

Chapter 3 Personal Status41

§ 3.01 Citizenship41

§ 3.02 Foreigners ＆ Metics43

§ 3.03 Slaves ＆ Freedmen44

§ 3.04 Chapter Summary45

Chapter 4 Property47

§ 4.01 Introduction47

§ 4.02 Real Property48

§ 4.03 Mines49

§ 4.04 Resolving Ownership Disputes Relating to Personal Property50

§ 4.05 Chapter Summary51

Chapter 5 Family Law53

§ 5.01 Introduction： Power ＆ Control53

§ 5.02 Marriage ＆ Divorce54

§ 5.03 Children56

§ 5.04 Chapter Summary58

Chapter 6 Inheritance and Succession59

§ 6.01 Intestate Succession59

§ 6.02 Adoption ＆ Wills61

§ 6.03 Chapter Summary62

Chapter 7 Criminal Law65

§ 7.01 Introduction65

§ 7.02 Homicide66

A. General66

B. Categories66

C. Procedure68

§ 7.03 Theft Crimes70

§ 7.04 Sexual Conduct71

§ 7.05 Criminal Battery72

§ 7.06 Hubris73

§ 7.07 Religious Offenses73

A. Introduction73

B. Laws Related to Festivals74

C. Impiety74

D. Atheism74

§ 7.08 Miscellaneous Crimes75

A. Arson75

B. Prodosia （Betrayal）75

C. Deception of the People75

D. Eisangelia75

§ 7.09 Chapter Summary76

Chapter 8 Torts79

§ 8.01 Introduction79

§ 8.02 Battery （Dike Aikeias）79

§ 8.03 False Imprisonment （Dike Heirgmou）80

§ 8.04 Defamation （Dike Kakegorias）80

§ 8.05 Dike Blabes81

§ 8.06 Chapter Summary81

Chapter 9 Trade， Contracts， and Commercial Law83

§ 9.01 Introduction83

§ 9.02 Lease Contracts84

§ 9.03 Loans84

§ 9.04 Breach of Contract85

§ 9.05 Commerce85

§ 9.06 Taxes86

A. Introduction86

B. Liturgies （Compulsory Philanthropy）87

§ 9.07 Chapter Summary87

Law in Literature： The Iliad， The Trojan War， and Contract Law89

Introduction89

Ⅰ. Contracts in the Iliad89

A. Achilles-Calchas89

B. Hector-Dolon90

C. Agamemnon-Achilles： The Rejected Offer90

D. Hera-Hupnos91

E. Priam-Achilles91

F. Lessons Learned92

Ⅱ. Contracts That Shape the Myth as a Whole94

A. Princes’ Contract94

B. Paris-Aphrodite Contract95

C. Conflict of Two Contracts95

Conclusion96

Chapter 10 Background and Beginnings of Roman Law97

§ 10.01 Introduction97

A. Public Law ＆ Private Law97

B. Periods of Roman Law： Pre-classical； Classical；＆ Post-Classical98

§ 10.02 Early Roman Legal History99

A. Laws of the Kings99

B. The Laws of the Twelve Tables99

1. Traditional Background99

2. Content of the Laws of the Twelve Tables100

§ 10.03 The Role of the Praetor ＆ Aedile in the Development of Roman Law101

§ 10.04 Legal Interpretation： Advocates， Jurists， ＆ Emperors103

A. Background103

B. Advocates ＆ Jurists104

C. The “Schools”： Sabinians ＆ Proculians106

D. The Role of the Emperor107

§ 10.05 Justinian ＆ the Corpus Iuris Civilis107

§ 10.06 The Reception of Roman Law （Receptio）108

§ 10.07 Justice ＆ Jurisprudence： the Role of Law110

§ 10.08 Chapter Summary111

Law in Literature： Discovering More About Legal Philosophy Cicero’s De Legibus and Natural Law113

Chapter 11 Legal Procedure， Institutions， and Organization119

§ 11.01 Introduction119

§ 11.02 The Roman Constitution ＆ Significant Republican Legislation120

A. Introduction120

B. Legislative Bodies121

C. Legislation122

§ 11.03 The Three Chronological Phases of Roman Procedure123

A. Legis Actiones123

B. Formulary Procedure （Per Formulam）124

C. Extraordinary Procedure （Cognitio）125

§ 11.04 Criminal Procedure126

A. Introduction126

1. The Early Criminal Courts — Quaestiones Perpetuae126

2. Evolution of the Courts and Criminal Jurisdiction126

B. Juries ＆ Jurors127

C. Criminal Procedure ＆ Affirmative Defenses128

§ 11.05 Evidence129

§ 11.06 Chapter Summary131

Law in Literature： Quintilian’s Institutio Oratoria Book Ⅻ133

Introduction133

Ⅰ. Quintilian， Institutio Oratoria， Book Ⅻ， § Ⅲ133

Ⅱ. Quintilian， Institutio Oratoria， Book Ⅻ， §§ Ⅳ—Ⅵ134

Ⅲ. Quintilian， Institutio Oratoria， Book Ⅻ， § Ⅶ135

Ⅳ Quintilian， Institutio Oratoria， Book Ⅻ， § Ⅷ137

Conclusion138

Chapter 12 Personal Status139

§ 12.01 Introduction139

§ 12.02 Citizenship139

A. General139

B. Capitis Deminutio141

§ 12.03 Slaves ＆ Freedmen142

§ 12.04 Chapter Summary145

Chapter 13 Property147

§ 13.01 Introduction： The Most Significant Categories147

§ 13.02 Additional Categories148

§ 13.03 Legal Titles Connected with Things150

§ 13.04 Methods of Acquisition of Property152

A. Mancipatio152

B. Traditio152

C. In Iure Cessio154

D. Occupatio154

1. General154

2. Thesauri Inventio155

E. Specificatio155

F. Accessio156

G. Usucapio157

§ 13.05 Iura in re Aliena （Rights in the Thing of Another）158

§ 13.06 Chapter Summary159

Chapter 14 Family Law163

§ 14.01 Power ＆ Control： Paterfamilias163

§ 14.02 Marriage ＆ Divorce164

A. General Considerations164

B. Types of Marriage165

C. Divorce166

§ 14.03 Adoption167

§ 14.04 Tutors168

§ 14.05 Curators169

§ 14.06 Chapter Summary169

Chapter 15 Inheritance and Succession173

§ 15.01 Introduction173

§ 15.02 Intestate Succession173

§ 15.03 Testate Succession175

§ 15.04 Chapter Summary178

Law in Literature： Caesar’s De Bello Gallico179

Introduction179

Ⅰ. Caesar’s Background in Law179

Ⅱ. Foreign Laws and Justice180

A. Judges ＆ Legal Procedure181

B. Marriage ＆ Family181

C. Safety ＆ Security for the Community182

Ⅲ. Principles of Caesar’s Jurisprudence183

Conclusion185

Chapter 16 Criminal Law189

§ 16.01 Criminal Liability ＆ Elements of Crime189

§ 16.02 Homicide189

§ 16.03 Theft Crimes191

§ 16.04 Vis192

§ 16.05 Sexual Conduct193

A. Adultery ＆ Stuprum193

B. Incest194

C. Lenocinium， Prostitution， ＆ Homosexual Activity194

§ 16.06 Iniuria195

§ 16.07 Crimes Against the State196

A. Perduellio ＆ Maiestas196

B. Res Repetundae196

C. Peculatus ＆ De Residuis197

D. Ambitus197

E. Counterfeiting ＆ Forgery197

§ 16.08 Miscellaneous Crimes198

A. Stellionatus198

B. Kidnapping198

C. Sale of Runaway Slaves199

D. Castration ＆ Circumcision199

E. Gambling199

F. Crimes Related to Religion199

§ 16.09 Chapter Summary200

Chapter 17 Torts： Obligationes Ex Delicto and Obligationes Quasi Ex Delicto203

§ 17.01 Classification： The Law of Obligations203

§ 17.02 Obligationes ex Delicto （Delicta）204

A. Introduction204

B. Furtum （Theft）204

C. Rapina （Robbery with Violence）205

D. Damnum Iniuria Datum （Property Damage）205

E. Iniuria （Personal Injury）206

F. Miscellaneous Delicts206

§ 17.03 Noxal Liability ＆ Liability for Damage Caused by Animals207

§ 17.04 Obligationes Quasi ex Delicto （Quasi Delicts）207

§ 17.05 Chapter Summary208

Chapter 18 Trade， Contracts， and Commercial Law211

§ 18.01 Introduction211

§ 18.02 Verbal Contracts212

§ 18.03 Literal Contracts213

§ 18.04 Real Contracts213

§ 18.05 Consensual Contracts214

§ 18.06 Innominate Contracts216

§ 18.07 Contract Damages216

§ 18.08 Obligationes Quasi ex Contractu217

§ 18.09 Real Security218

§ 18.10 Business Entities218

§ 18.12 Taxes219

§ 18.13 Chapter Summary219

Law in Literature： A Unique Combination of Both Greek ＆ Roman Elements of Law： Terence’s Phormio221

Introduction221

Ⅰ. Plot Summary221

Ⅱ. Legal Procedure223

A. Overview223

B. Greek and Roman Legal Procedure Generally223

C. Manipulation of the Law223

Ⅲ. Slave Law224

Ⅳ. Family Law224

A. Family Law Generally224

B. Epikleros and Questions of Athenian Law225

Ⅴ. Contracts ＆ Commercial Law226

Conclusion227

Index229