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总论1

一、名称溯源1

二、历史沿革3

（一）国外蚋类的基础研究3

（二）我国蚋类的基础研究5

三、分类系统8

（一）现行分类系统评述8

（二）中国蚋科修订名录23

四、鉴别形态23

（一）成虫23

1．头部24

2．胸部26

3．腹部29

（二）蛹31

1．头部31

2．胸部31

3．腹部32

4．茧32

（三）幼虫33

1．头部34

2．胸部36

3．腹部36

（四）卵37

（五）形态学名词外文缩写（含符号）说明37

五、内部结构39

（一）消化系统39

1．幼虫的消化道39

2．成熟蛹和成虫的消化道43

3．纺织腺和唾液腺45

（二）排泄系统46

（三）中枢神经系统47

1．幼虫的中枢神经系统47

2．成熟蛹和成虫的中枢神经系统49

（四）呼吸系统50

（五）生殖系统51

1．幼虫的内生殖器官51

2．成虫的内生殖器官52

六、生物地理学53

（一）世界蚋科属级阶元在世界动物区划中的分布格局55

（二）中国蚋科昆虫的地理分布格局57

1．中国蚋科属级阶元在世界动物地理区划中的分布57

2．中国蚋科种级阶元在世界动物地理区划中的归属及所占比重59

3．中国蚋科种级阶元在中国动物地理的分布及其所占比重59

4．中国蚋类区系分布的特点72

（三）中国蚋类起源和扩散初探73

1．蚋科起源的时间73

2．蚋科的起源中心74

七、生物学特性75

（一）卵和孵化期75

（二）幼虫期76

1．孳生习性76

2．食性76

3．运动习性77

4．影响幼虫发育的环境因素77

（三）蛹期79

（四）成虫期79

1．吸血习性80

2．栖息和活动习性81

3．生殖营养周环81

4．寿命81

5．群舞或交配81

6．产卵习性82

7．季节分布82

八、细胞遗传学83

（一）研究材料和方法83

（二）核型和多线染色体特征85

（三）细胞遗传学研究的应用87

九、分子生物学88

（一）蚋类基因组88

1．核基因组88

2．线粒体基因组88

（二）蚋类分子分类学89

1．系统发育89

2．物种鉴定92

（三）蚋类吸血相关事件的分子生物学研究94

1．唾腺组94

2．蚋类吸血后其他基因表达变化96

3．宿主鉴定96

（四）蚋类传播病原体的分子生物学研究97

1．盘尾丝虫的分子鉴定97

2．蚋类与盘尾丝虫的相互作用99

3．住白细胞虫的分子鉴定100

（五）蚋类寄生虫和病毒的分子生物学研究100

1．寄生虫——索虫100

2．共生菌——沃尔巴克体101

3．病毒101

4．其他寄生虫102

（六）方法学探讨102

（七）其他102

十、医学重要性104

（一）骚扰吸血，危害人畜104

（二）作为人类和禽畜多种疾病的传播媒介104

1．人盘尾丝虫病104

2．家畜盘尾丝虫病105

3．欧氏曼森丝虫病105

4．禽鸟住白细胞虫病106

5．水疱性口炎106

（三）蚋类的防制106

十一、研究技术107

（一）标本采集107

（二）标本保存107

1．干藏法107

2．液藏法108

（三）标本制作108

1．针插法108

2．玻片法109

各论111

十二、中国蚋科分类鉴定111

蚋科Simuliidae Newman，1834111

蚋亚科Simuliidae Newman,1834113

（一）原蚋族Tribe Prosimuliini Enderlein,1921115

1．赫蚋属Genus Helodon Enderlein,1921115

新多丝赫蚋，新种Chen,sp.nov117

高山赫蚋Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov and Vlasenko,1935119

林栖赫蚋（Sun,2008）120

2．原蚋属Genus Prosimulium Roubaud,1906121

毛足原蚋（Fries,1824）123

刺扰原蚋Rubtsov,1940124

辽宁原蚋Sun and Xue,1994125

突板原蚋Sun,2008126

3．吞蚋属Genus Twinnia Stone and Jamnback,1935127

长白吞蚋Sun,1994127

（二）蚋族Tribe Simuliini Newman,1834129

4．后克蚋属Genus Metacnephia Crosskey,1969129

短领后克蚋，新种Chen and Zhang,sp.nov131

陆氏后克蚋，新种Chen and Yang,sp.nov134

多丝后克蚋，新种Chen and Wen,sp.nov137

黑足后克蚋（Rubtsov,1940）140

克氏后克蚋（Rubtsov,1956）141

5．蚋属Genus Simulium Latreille,1802142

1）厌蚋亚属Subgenus Boophthora Enderlein,1921146

贵阳厌蚋，新种Chen,Liu and Yang,sp.nov148

红头厌蚋（De Geer,1776）152

四丝厌蚋Chen,Wu and Yang,2010153

2）布蚋亚属Subgenus Enderlein,1925154

斑布蚋（Meigen,1804）155

3）真蚋亚属Subgenus Roubaud,1906156

草原真蚋，新种Chen,Yang and Xu,sp.nov160

六盘山真蚋，新种Chen,Wang and Fan,sp.nov164

黑带真蚋，新种Chen,Yang and Wang,sp.nov167

窄足真蚋Edwards,1915170

沙柳真蚋Liu,Gong,Zhang et al.,2003171

山溪真蚋Rubtsov,1955172

金毛真蚋（Fries,1824）173

北湾真蚋Guo,Zhang,An et al.,2008174

宽甸真蚋Chen and Cao,1983175

海真蚋Rubtsov,1956176

皇后真蚋Terteryan,1949178

萨特真蚋Takaoka,1976179

台北真蚋Shiraki,1935180

泰山真蚋Xue and An,2001181

威宁真蚋Chen and Zhang,1997182

细端真蚋Yang,Fan and Chen,2008183

4）绳蚋亚属Subgenus Enderlein,1921185

A．膜毛蚋组group187

鹿角绳蚋Chen,2001187

B．细跗蚋组group188

版纳绳蚋Chen and Zhang,2003191

短茎绳蚋Chen and Chen,2000192

海南绳蚋Long and An,1995194

龙胜绳蚋Chen,Zhang and Zhang,2007195

草地绳蚋Mahe,Ma and An,2003196

黑股绳蚋Chen and Zhang,2000197

帕氏绳蚋Senior-White,1922198

苏海绳蚋Huang and Takaoka,2008200

塔什库尔干绳蚋Mahe,Ma and An,2003201

膨股绳蚋Chen and Zhang,2001202

元宝山绳蚋Chen,Zhang and Zhang,2007203

C．膨跗蚋组（锡兰蚋组）group204

麻子绳蚋Takaoka and Davies,1995209

曲端绳蚋Chen and Zhang,2001210

杜氏绳蚋Takaoka and Davies,1995212

肩章绳蚋Guo,Zhang and An,2011213

梵净山绳蚋Chen,Zhang and Wen,2000215

贵州绳蚋Chen,Zhang and Yang,2003216

湖南绳蚋Zhang and Chen,2004217

因他绳蚋Takaoka and Suzuki,1984218

尖峰绳蚋An and Long,1995220

崂山绳蚋Ren,An and Kang,1998221

孟氏绳蚋Chen,Zhang and Wen,2000222

后宽绳蚋Brunetti,1911224

苗岭绳蚋Wen and Chen,2000225

凭祥绳蚋An,Hao and Mai,1990227

台东绳蚋Huang,Takaoka and Aoki,2011228

图讷绳蚋Takaoka,1979229

武夷山绳蚋Chen and Zhang,2009230

西藏绳蚋An,Zhang and Deng,1990231

云南绳蚋Chen and Zhang,2004232

察隅绳蚋An,Zhang and Deng,1990233

D．变角蚋组group235

憎木绳蚋Rubtsov,1962235

狭谷绳蚋Chen and Cao,1983236

E．未分组绳蚋蚋种species unplaced to group237

阿勒泰绳蚋Cai,An and Li,2005240

重庆绳蚋Zhu and Wang,1995241

广西绳蚋Sun,2009242

异枝绳蚋Sun,2009244

湖广绳蚋Sun,2009245

金鞭绳蚋Zhang and Chen,2004246

长茎绳蚋Zhang and Chen,2003247

九连山绳蚋Kang,Zhang and Chen,2007248

康氏绳蚋Sun,Yu and An,2011249

刺绳蚋Sun,2009250

四面山绳蚋Wang,Li and Sun,1996251

湘西绳蚋Sun,2009252

5）希蚋亚属Subgenus Rivosecchi and Cardinali,1975253

白斑希蚋Takahasi,1940(?)254

梅氏希蚋（Rubtsov and Calson,1965）254

6）山蚋亚属Subgenus Rubtsov,1974255

阿氏山蚋（Djafarov,1954）261

周氏山蚋Takaoka,1979262

川北山蚋Chen,Zhang and Liu,2008263

凹端山蚋Deng,Zhang and Chen,1995264

达氏山蚋(Datta,1974）265

宽板山蚋Sun and Song,1995267

库姆山蚋Datta,1975268

海螺沟山蚋Chen,Huang and Zhang,2005269

黑水山蚋Chen and Wen,2006270

夹金山山蚋Zhang and Chen,2006271

吉斯沟山蚋Chen,Zhang and Liu,2008273

清溪山蚋Rubtsov,1956274

林芝山蚋Deng,Zhang and Chen,1995275

吕梁山蚋Chen and Lian,2011276

磨西山蚋Chen,Huang and Zhang,2005277

线丝山蚋Datta,1973278

多裂山蚋Chen and Lian,2011279

端裂山蚋Chen and Zhang,2011280

裂缘山蚋Deng,Zhang and Chen,1995282

离板山蚋Chen,Xiu and Zhang,2012282

泰山山蚋Sun and Li,2000284

谭氏山蚋Xue,1993285

西藏山蚋Deng,Xue,Zhang et al.,1994286

维西山蚋Deng,Xue and Chen,2005288

五老峰山蚋Chen and Zhang,2011289

忻州山蚋Chen and Zhang,2011290

云台山蚋Chen,Wen and Wei,2006291

7）纺蚋亚属Subgenus Enderlein,1921292

A．多钩蚋组group294

多钩纺蚋，新种Chen,Wu and Huang,sp.nov295

山谷纺蚋Sun,1994298

辽东纺蚋Sun,2012299

B．费蚋组group300

查头纺蚋Takaoka,1979302

清溪纺蚋Xue,1991303

雷公山纺蚋Chen and Zhang,1997305

三重纺蚋Ogata and Sasa,1954306

宽头纺蚋Datta,1973307

琼州纺蚋Chen,Zhang and Yang,2003309

山东纺蚋Sun and Li,2000310

王仙纺蚋Chen,Zhang and Bi,2004311

C．鹿角蚋组group312

窄跗纺蚋Lundstrom,1911314

黄毛纺蚋Brunetti,1911315

猎鹰纺蚋Shiraki,1935317

新月纺蚋Enderlein,1921318

宁夏纺蚋Yang,Wang and Chen,2008319

灰背纺蚋Rubtsov,1940320

D．宽足蚋组group321

异形纺蚋，新种Chen and Lian,sp.nov329

中突纺蚋，新种Chen and Jiang,sp.nov332

秦岭纺蚋，新种Xiu and Chen,sp.nov335

锯突纺蚋，新种Chen,Zhang and Jiang,sp.nov338

窄形纺蚋Rubtsov,1956341

双角纺蚋Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov and Vlasenko,1935343

苍山纺蚋Xue,1993344

陈氏纺蚋Xue,1993345

郴州纺蚋Chen,Zhang and Bi,2004346

河流纺蚋Radzivilovskaya,1948347

格吉格纺蚋（Diafarov,1954）348

纤细纺蚋Datta,1973349

河南纺蚋Wen,Wei and Chen,2007350

吉林纺蚋Chen and Cao,1994351

宽丝纺蚋Rubtsov,1956352

龙潭纺蚋Ren,An and Kang,1998353

泸定纺蚋Chen,Zhang and Huang,2005354

梅氏纺蚋Rubtsov Calson,1965355

新纤细纺蚋Deng,Zhang and Chen,1996357

普格纺蚋Dyar and Shannon,1927358

朴氏纺蚋Datta,1973359

桥落纺蚋Chen,2001360

清水纺蚋Chen,2001362

林纺蚋Rubtsov,1956363

丝肋纺蚋Takahasi,1950364

饶河纺蚋Cai and An,2006365

透林纺蚋Takaoka,1979366

内田纺蚋Takahasi,1950368

宽足纺蚋Macquart,1826369

五林洞纺蚋An and Yan,2006371

新宾纺蚋Chen and Cao,1983372

薛氏纺蚋Sun,1994373

张家界纺蚋Chen,Zhang and Bi,2004374

油丝纺蚋Takaoka,1979375

8）短蚋亚属Enderlein,1921376

峨嵋短蚋An,Xu and Song,1991378

斑短蚋Rubtsov,1940379

一洼短蚋Shiraki,1935380

装饰短蚋Meigen,1818381

9）副布蚋亚属Subgenus Rubtsov,1964382

宽跗副布蚋（Rubtsov,1940）382

10）逊蚋亚属Enderlein,1921383

黄色逊蚋Rubtsov,1940384

曲胫逊蚋Tan and Chow,1976385

尼格逊蚋（Meigen,1804）385

11）蚋亚属Subgenus Latreille(s.str.),1802386

A．阿根蚋组group389

双齿蚋（Shiraki,1935）389

B．灰额蚋组group390

钟氏蚋Takaoka and Huang,2006395

鞍阳蚋Chen and Wen,1999396

格氏蚋Puri,1933397

灰额蚋Brunetti,1911398

衡山蚋Bi and Chen,2004399

红坪蚋Chen,Luo and Yang,2006400

印度蚋Becher,1885402

日本蚋Matsumura,1931403

卡瓦蚋Matsumura,1915404

乐东蚋Yang and Chen,2001405

庐山蚋Chen,Kang and Zhang,2007406

中柱蚋An,Guo and Xue,1995408

秦氏蚋Cao,Wang andChen,1993409

多枝蚋Chen,2000410

淡白蚋Huang and Takaoka,2009411

匙蚋An,Hao and Yan,1998412

香港蚋Takaoka,Davies and Dudgeon,1995413

细板蚋Chen,2000414

优分蚋Takaoka,1979415

亚东蚋Deng and Chen,1997416

C．淡足蚋组group417

利川蚋，新种Chen,Luo and Yang,sp.nov422

尖板蚋Chen,Zhang and Huang,2005426

黑角蚋Rubtsov,1940427

大明蚋Chen,Zhang and Zhang,2007428

十分蚋Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov and Vlasenko,1935429

粗毛蚋Puri,1932431

短飘蚋Rubtsov,1940432

辽宁蚋Sun,1994433

淡足蚋Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov and Vlasenko,1935434

纳克蚋Smart,1944435

南阳蚋Guo,Yan and An,2013436

新尖板蚋Chen,Xiu and Zhang,2012437

怒江蚋Xue,1993438

窄手蚋Takaoka,1942439

帕氏蚋Rubtsov,1940440

如伯蚋Rubtsov,1940441

红足蚋Tan and Zhou,1976442

刺毛蚋Chen,Huang and Yang,2010442

北蚋Rubtsov,1940444

谭氏蚋Xue,1992445

虞氏蚋An and Yan,2009446

D．多条蚋组group447

包氏蚋Puri,1932451

碧峰峡蚋Huang,Zhang and Chen,2013452

重庆蚋Zhu and Wang,1995453

细齿蚋Puri,1932454

地记蚋Puri,1932455

淡股蚋Deng,Zhang,Xue et al.,1994456

副瀑布蚋Zhang,Yang and Chen,2003457

普拉蚋An,Guo and Xu,1995458

崎岛蚋Takaoka,1977459

上川蚋An,Hao and Yan,1998460

膨丝蚋Luo,Yang and Chen,2010461

钩突蚋Zhang and Chen,2001462

瀑布蚋Zhang,Yang and Chen,2003463

武陵蚋Zhang and Chen,2000465

小龙潭蚋Chen,Luo and Yang,2006466

E．杰蚋组group467

节蚋Puri,1933468

素木蚋Kono and Takahasi,1940469

F．淡额蚋组group470

樱花蚋Shiraki,1935471

淡额蚋Friederichs,1920473

沼生蚋Rubtsov,1956474

G．爬蚋组group475

甘肃蚋，新种Chen,Jiang and Zhang,sp,nov477

远蚋Rubtsov,1956480

爬蚋Linnaeus,1758481

谭周氏蚋Yankovsky,1996482

塔氏蚋Rubtsov,1940483

H．盾纹蚋组group484

坝河蚋Chen,2003487

清迈蚋Takaoka and Suzuki,1984488

格勒斯蚋Brunetti,1911489

勐腊蚋Chen,2003490

那空蚋Takaoka and Suzuki,1984491

五条蚋（Shiraki,1935）492

屏东蚋Huang and Takaoka,2008494

萨擦蚋Rubtsov,1956496

泰国蚋Takaoka and Suzuki,1984496

五指山蚋Chen,2003497

Ⅰ．块根蚋组group498

阿里山蚋Shiraki,1935502

新红色蚋Sun,1994503

黑颜蚋Datta,1974504

亮胸蚋Puri,1932505

显著蚋Chen and Zhang,2002506

王早蚋Takaoka,1979508

红色蚋Brunetti,1911509

皱板蚋Wu,Wen and Chen,2013510

神农架蚋Yang,Luo and Chen,2005511

华丽蚋Rubtsov,1940513

柃木蚋Rubtsov,1963514

天池蚋Chen,Zhang and Yang,2003515

树干蚋Guo,Zhang,An et al.,2008516

山状蚋Rubtsov,1956517

伏尔加蚋Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov and Vlasenko,1935518

J．杂色蚋组group519

叶片蚋，新种Chen,Jiang and Zhang,sp.nov523

草海蚋Chen and Zhang,1997526

昌隆蚋Takaoka and Suzuki,1984527

同源蚋An and Yan,2009528

喜山蚋Puri,1932529

经甫蚋Cai,An and Li,2008531

卡任蚋Shiraki,1935532

留坝蚋Liu and An,2009532

矛板蚋Chen,Zhang and Huang,2005534

青木蚋Shiraki,1935535

黑色蚋Sun,1994536

黔蚋Chen and Chen,2001537

台湾蚋Takaoka,1979538

角突蚋An,Guo and Xu,1995540

遵义蚋Chen,Xiu and Zhang,2012541

K．脉蚋组group542

恩和蚋,新种Xu,Yang and Chen,sp.nov545

角逐蚋Rubtsov,1940548

阿拉蚋Matsumura,1915549

曲跗蚋Rubtsov,1940550

长须蚋Beltyukova,1955551

短须蚋Edwards,1915552

桑叶蚋Rubtsov,1956554

新宾蚋Sun,1992555

L．未分组蚋种species unplaced to group556

含糊蚋Shiraki,1935556

克氏蚋Puri,1932557

齿端蚋Yang,Chen and Luo,2009558

福州蚋Zhang and Wang,1991559

赫氏蚋Puri,1932560

仙人蚋Cai,An,Li et al.,2004561

揭阳蚋An,Yan,Yang et al.,1994563

卡头蚋Shiraki,1935564

多叉蚋Zhang and Wang,1991564

黑足蚋Sun,1994565

轮丝蚋Chen and Zhang,1998566

山西蚋Cai,An,Li et al.,2004567

12）特蚋亚属Subgenus Rubtsov,1963568

无茎特蚋,新种Chen,Ma and Wen,sp.nov571

贺兰山特蚋，新种Chen,Wang and Yang,sp.nov575

菱骨特蚋，新种Chen,Lian and Zhang,sp.nov578

巨特蚋（Rubtsov,1938）581

正直特蚋Rubtsov,1940583

沙特蚋Rubtsov,1938584

扣子特蚋Rubtsov,1940585

龙岗特蚋Sun,1992586

塔城特蚋An and Maha,1994587

五台山特蚋An and Yan,2003588

小岛特蚋Liu,Shi and An,2004589

13）杵蚋亚属Enderlein,1934590

白杵蚋组group591

成双杵蚋Rubtsov,1940591

14）洼蚋亚属Subgenus Takaoka,1983592

屿岛洼蚋Takaoka,1972593

15）维蚋亚属Subgenus Enderlein,1921594

宽臂维蚋，新种Chen,Wen and Wei,sp.nov599

翼骨维蚋，新种Chen,Zhang and Jiang,sp.nov602

张掖维蚋，新种Chen,Zhang and Jiang,sp.nov605

敦煌维蚋Liu and An,2004609

窄叉维蚋Rubtsov,1956609

马维蚋（Linnaeus,1758）610

格尔木维蚋Liu,Gong andAn,2003612

沼泽维蚋Rubtsov,1940612

力行维蚋Meigen,1804613

北京维蚋Sun,1999615

伪马维蚋Séguy,1921616

青海维蚋Liu,Gong,An et al.,2003617

清西陵维蚋Cai and An,2005618

塔城维蚋Maha,An and Yan,1997619

高桥维蚋Rubtsov,1962620

桐柏山维蚋Chen and Luo,2006621

沟额维蚋Rubtsov,1940622

乌什维蚋Maha,An and Yan,1997624

兴义维蚋Chen and Zhang,1998625

6．畦克蚋属Genus Rubtsov,1971626

二十畦克蚋，新种Yang and Chen,sp.nov628

短领畦克蚋Wen,Ma and Chen,2010630

黄足畦克蚋（Chen,1984）631

褐足畦克蚋（Takahasi,1942）633

经棚畦克蚋Chen,1984634

奥氏畦克蚋Rnbtsov,1940635

十一畦克蚋（Rubtsov,1951）636

参考文献637

学名中名对照索引659

中名索引667