操作系统实践与应用 第5版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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1 Introduction and Overview1

What Is an Operating System？2

The Components of a Modern Operating System3

A Look Ahead4

Summary5

Key Words5

Exercises5

PART 1:SYSTEM RESOURCES7

2 Hardware9

Memory10

Physical Memory Devices10

Bytes and Words10

Addressing Memory10

The Processor11

Program Instructions11

Cache Memory11

The Processor s Components12

Machine Cycles13

Microcode19

Input and Output Devices19

Secondary Storage20

Diskette21

Hard Disk22

Backup24

Other Secondary Media25

The Directory25

Linking the Components25

Summary29

Key Words30

Exercises30

3 Software and Data33

Software34

Hardware,Software,and Data34

Absolute and Relative Addressing35

Programming Languages36

Traditional Structured Software38

Object-Oriented Software38

Libraries40

Reentrant Code42

Data43

Data Elements43

Data Structures43

Data Files45

The Relative Record Concept46

Access Techniques48

Database Management49

Summary50

Exercises52

Key Words52

4 Linking the Components55

Linking Internal Components56

The Bus56

Word Size56

Machine Cycles57

Architectures57

Single-Bus Architecture61

Interfaces63

Channels and Control Units63

Multiple-Bus Architecture64

Logical and Physical I/O65

Primitives66

Open67

Accessing Data67

Messages and Signals70

Networks70

Network Types71

Network Topology71

Network Management74

Summary75

Key Words76

Exercises77

PART 2:BASIC OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS79

5 The Shell,the IOCS,and the File System81

An Operating System s Basic Functions82

The User Interface82

The Command Processor or Shell83

The Command Language85

Batch Commands87

The Input/Output Control System88

Device Management88

Logical and Physical I/O89

Interrupts and Device Synchronization91

The File System92

Loading a Program92

Opening and Closing Data Files93

Disk Space Management94

The Boot94

Utilities96

Summary97

Key Words98

Exercises98

6 Memory Management and Processor Management99

Memory Management100

Resident and Transient Routines100

Concurrency100

Partitions and Regions102

Segmentation103

Paging106

Segmentation and Paging106

Memory Protection106

Overlay Structures106

Virtual Memory109

Implementing Virtual Memory109

Addressing Virtual Memory111

Page Faults113

Thrashing113

Multiprogramming113

The Dispatcher114

Control Blocks114

Interrupts115

Time-Sharing119

Polling120

Roll-In/Roll-Out120

Time-Slicing120

Scheduling and Queuing121

Spooling123

Deadlock123

Summary124

Key Words126

Exercises126

PART 3:COMMUNICATING WITH THE OPERATING SYSTEM127

7 The User Interface129

User Interface Functions130

Types of User Interfaces131

A Human Perspective132

Learning a User Interface132

Summary133

Exercises134

Key Words134

8 MS-DOS Commands135

MS-DOS136

MS-DOS Commands136

The Chapter Tutorial136

Getting Started137

Selecting the Default Drive137

Formatting a Diskette139

The File System140

File Names141

Directories141

Subdirectories142

Path Names143

Viewing a Directory145

Creating Directories148

Creating Files150

Changing Directories152

Manipulating Files154

Batch Files156

Program Files156

Pipes,Filters,and Redirection157

Returning to Windows160

Summary160

Key Words162

Exercises162

9 Windows 2000165

Windows 2000166

The User Interface166

Getting Help167

Executing a Program167

The Menu Bar169

Maximizing and Minimizing a Window169

Switching Between Programs169

Quitting a Program170

Shutting Down170

Working With the Windows File System171

Formatting a Disk171

File Names171

Directories(or Folders)173

The Windows Explorer173

My Computer177

Creating Directories177

Creating Files179

Copying and Renaming Files180

Copying to a Different Folder180

Copying Entire Subfolders182

Manipulating Files182

Copying Multiple Files182

Searching for Files183

Sorting Files185

Shortcuts to Files185

Deleting Files or Folders187

Command Line Interface188

Windows Scripting Host188

Summary188

Exercises190

Key Words190

10 UNIX/Linux Commands and Utilities193

UNIX194

Linux194

The UNIX Shell194

The Chapter Tutorial196

Logging On196

Directories198

File Names198

The File System198

Path Names199

Viewing a Directory200

Creating Directories203

Changing Working Directories204

Creating Files205

Manipulating Files206

Pipes,Filters,and Redirection209

Shell Scripts212

Other Useful Commands212

Graphic User Interface213

Summary213

Key Words215

Exercises215

11 IBM OS/JCL:JOB and EXEC Statements217

Jobs and Job Steps218

Batch Job Control Languages218

OS/JCL218

Catalogued Procedures220

JCL Statement Format221

JOB Statements222

Accounting Information223

The Programmer Name223

The CLASS Parameter224

The TIME Parameter224

The REGION Parameter225

The MSGLEVEL Parameter225

Defaults226

Other JOB Parameters227

Continuing a JCL Statement227

EXEC Statements227

The COND Parameter229

Other EXEC Parameters231

Summary232

Key Words232

Exercises233

12 IBM/OS JCL:DD Statements235

External Device Linkage236

Data Control Blocks236

DD Statements236

Unit Record Hardware239

The UNIT Parameter239

The DCB Parameter240

Magnetic Disk241

UNIT and DCB241

The DISP Parameter242

The DSNAME Parameter243

The VOLUME Parameter243

The SPACE Parameter244

Some Examples246

Magnetic Tape246

System Input and Output247

Job Step Qualification248

Libraries248

A Complete Job249

Summary252

Key Words253

Exercises253

PART 4:OPERATING SYSTEM INTERNALS255

13 The Intel Architecture257

Introduction258

Architecture Overview258

Intel Execution Environment259

Execution Mode259

Memory Addressing260

Paging261

Address Translation261

Task Management263

Memory Protection265

Limit Checking265

Type Checking265

Privilege Levels265

Interrupt Handling265

Improving the Performance of the Intel Architecture266

Pipelining,Superpipelining,and Superscalar Processors267

Out-of-Order Execution and Branch Prediction268

MMX Technology268

Data and Instruction Caches269

Summary269

Key Words271

Exercises271

14 MS-DOS273

Evaluating an Operating System274

Measures of Effectiveness274

System Objectives275

Microcomputer Operating Systems276

MS-DOS Internals277

The Shell278

Accessing Peripherals279

The File System280

Interrupt Processing285

Booting MS-DOS288

Running MS-DOS288

Summary290

Key Words291

Exercises292

15 Windows 2000 Internals293

Windows 2000 Architecture294

Client/Server Mode294

Windows 2000294

Modules,Processes,and Threads294

User Mode295

Kernel Mode297

Process Management299

Multithreading299

Multitasking300

Multiprocessing301

Memory Management301

Paging301

Address Translation303

Disk Management304

File Management305

NTFS305

File System Recovery307

Caching308

Input Output Manager308

The Registry310

Summary311

Key Words314

Exercises314

16 UNIX and Linux317

The UNIX System318

Images and Processes319

Process Creation321

Initialization324

Process Management325

The Shell327

Time-Slicing and Interrupts327

Memory Management328

Swapping(or Paging)328

Memory Space and Reentrant Code329

The File System330

Accessing Disk Files331

Managing Disk Space334

Buffering334

UNIX Internals335

Linux335

The Linux Kernel336

Linux Processes337

The Linux File System337

Summary337

Key Words340

Exercises340

17 Traditional IBM Mainframe Operating Principles343

Addressing Memory344

The Hardware Environment344

The Program Status Word345

Executing Instructions345

Instruction Length349

The Condition Code350

Memory Protection350

Controlling Physical I/O350

Privileged Instructions354

Interrupts356

Interrupt Types359

Permanent Storage Assignments362

Masking Interrupts363

Interrupt Priority367

Program States368

An Example369

Summary374

Exercises375

Key Words375

18 IBM MVS377

Traditional IBM Mainframe Operating Systems378

Virtual Memory Contents378

Job and Task Management379

The Master Scheduler380

The Job Entry Subsystem382

The Initiator/Terminator383

Task Management384

Control Blocks384

Dispatching386

Allocating Peripheral Devices410

The Unit Control Block411

The Task Input/Output Table412

The DCB and the DEB412

Open412

Linking I/O Control Blocks413

Data Management414

System Generation415

Summary415

Key Words416

Exercises416

19 Virtual Machines419

Operating System Development420

The Virtual Machine Concept421

VM/SP422

VM′s Structure425

CMS426

The Control Program(CP)427

Processor Management427

Memory Management427

Managing Peripheral Devices429

Principles of Operation429

Advantages and Disadvantages431

Summary432

Key Words433

Exercises434

PART 5:NETWORKS435

20 The Client/Server Operating System437

Introduction438

Communications Architecture440

The OSI Model440

The TCP/IP Model441

Client/Server Systems442

Network Operating Systems443

Middleware444

Traditional Services446

File Services446

Print Services448

E-Mail Services449

Emerging Network Operating System Services450

Directory Services(DS)450

Application Services450

Database Services451

Internet/Intranet Services451

Management Services451

Summary452

Key Words454

Exercises454

21 Novell NetWare455

NetWare456

NetWare Kernel456

Networking Protocols457

NetWare Loadable Modules458

Memory Architecture458

The Traditional NetWare File System460

File Systems460

Novell Storage Services461

Disk Management461

Fault Tolerant Features462

Storage Management Services463

Printing Services463

Queue-Based Services463

Novell Distributed Print Services(NDPS)463

Novell Directory Services464

Network Management465

Using NetWare466

The Client/Server Structure466

Logging In468

Accessing Network Resources Using My Network Places468

Mapping a Network Drive471

Mapping with Explorer473

Volume Information473

Disconnecting a Mapped Drive476

Logging Out476

Summary478

Key Words480

Exercises480

22 Windows 2000 Server483

Introduction484

Peer-Peer Networks484

Domains484

Network Protocols486

Active Directory Service488

File Services489

Shared Folders490

Distributed File System490

Print Services490

Managing Windows 2000 Server491

Using Windows 2000 Server and Client492

Logging Onto the Network492

Browsing Network Resources492

Accessing Network Resources Using My Network Places492

Mapping a Folder497

Windows Explorer and Mapped Shared Folders497

Using the Mapped Drive499

Printing with a Network Printer499

Disconnecting a Mapped Drive500

Viewing Directory Information500

Creating a Shared Folder505

Logging Off a Client507

Summary507

Key Words509

Exercises509

23 The Internet511

Internet Protocols512

Network Internet Layer512

Transport Layer513

Application Protocols513

Mail513

File Transfer Protocol513

Telnet514

Hypertext Transfer Protocol515

News517

Domain Name System517

IP Addresses517

IPV6518

Domain Names518

The Domain Name System518

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol520

Simple Network Management Protocol521

Network Management521

Web Services522

Web File Systems523

Internet Crime525

Hackers and Crackers525

Passwords526

Viruses and Other Destructive Software526

Security527

Firewalls527

Encryption528

Authentication528

Digital Signatures530

Digital Certificates530

Access Control531

Summary531

Exercises533

Key Words533

A APPENDIX A:Number Systems,Data Types,and Codes535

Number Systems535

Binary Numbers536

Octal and Hexadecimal536

Data Types537

Numeric Data537

String Data538

General541

B APPENDIX B:Summary of MS-DOS Commands541

Selected Commands544

Selected Filters550

C APPENDIX C:Summary of UNIX Commands553

General553

Commands and Utilities556

Glossary565

Index593