国际贸易与国际收支 第10版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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CHAPTER 1 Introduction1

1.1 The Subject of International Economics2

1.2 Patterns of International Trade5

1.3 The Organization of This Book8

PART Ⅰ COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND THE BASIC MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE11

CHAPTER 2 The Gains from Trade13

2.1 Background Behavior:Demand14

2.2 Background Behavior:Supply17

2.3 Gains from Trade and Free-Trade Equilibrium20

2.4 Winners and Losers:Autarky to Free Trade27

2.5 Summary29

CHAPTER PROBLEMS30

APPENDIX A:The Box Diagram31

APPENDIX B:Substitution and Income Effects32

APPENDIX C:The Offer Curve Diagram34

CHAPTER 3 Applications of the Basic Model37

3.1 Disturbances from Abroad and the Terms of Trade38

3.2 Protecting the Import-Competing Commodity40

3.3 Growth and International Trade42

3.4 The Transfer Problem43

3.5 Wider Interpretations of the Basic Trade Model47

3.6 Trade and Market Structure51

3.7 Summary51

CHAPTER PROBLEMS52

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING53

APPENDIX:The Stability Issue53

PART Ⅱ GLOBALIZATION:TRADE PATTERNS AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION57

CHAPTER 4 Technology and International Income Distribution:The Ricardian Model59

4.1 The Ricardian Setting60

4.2 Free-Trade Equilibrium61

4.3 International Wage Comparisons and Productivities64

4.4 A Many-Commodity and Many-Country World68

4.5 Winners and Losers from Productivity Shocks69

4.6 Nontraded Commodities72

4.7 Summary75

CHAPTER PROBLEMS76

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING77

APPENDIX:Transitional Unemployment77

CHAPTER 5 Factor Endowments and Trade Ⅰ:The Specific Factors Model79

5.1 Diminishing Returns and Factor Hires79

5.2 Outputs and Income Distribution in the Closed Economy80

5.3 Outputs and Income Distribution with Free Trade82

5.4 Growth in Factor Endowments84

5.5 Consequences for Political Economy85

5.6 The Pattern of Trade86

5.7 Alternative Interpretations:Specific Capital or Specific Labor87

5.8 Dutch Disease88

5.9 Summary90

CHAPTER PROBLEMS92

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING93

APPENDIX:The Transformation Schedule93

CHAPTER 6 Factor Endowments and Trade Ⅱ:The Heckscher-Ohlin Model95

6.1 If Technology Is Rigid96

6.2 Flexible Technology99

6.3 Possible Trade Patterns and the Distribution of Income102

6.4 International Trade with Many Commodities106

6.5 How Concentrated Is Production?108

6.6 Changing Comparative Advantage with Economic Growth109

6.7 Heckscher-Ohlin Theory and Empirical Evidence110

6.8 Summary114

CHAPTER PROBLEMS116

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING117

APPENDIX:The Production Box118

CHAPTER 7 Imperfect Competition,Increasing Returns,and Product Variety121

7.1 The Prevalence of Intra-Industry Trade122

7.2 Consumer Behavior and the Demand for Product Variety123

7.3 Increasing Returns in Production125

7.4 Summary131

CHAPTER PROBLEMS132

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING132

CHAPTER 8 Resource Trade,Outsourcing,and Product Fragmentation133

8.1 Given Resources and Footloose Production Processes134

8.2 Footloose Inputs:The Joint Role of Comparative and Absolute Advantage137

8.3 Outsourcing and the International Fragmentation of Production141

8.4 Outsourcing and Advanced Country Wage Rates144

8.5 Summary147

CHAPTER PROBLEMS148

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING148

CHAPTER 9 International Factor Movements:Labor and Capital151

9.1 Factor Movements,Efficiency,and Welfare151

9.2 International Capital Movements:Selected Issues154

9.3 Multinationals and Foreign Direct Investment158

9.4 Summary164

CHAPTER PROBLEMS165

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING166

PART Ⅲ THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COMMERCIAL POLICY167

CHAPTER 10 Protection and the National Welfare169

10.1 Protection by a Small Country170

10.2 Protection by a Large Country177

10.3 Taxing Trade:Domestic Welfare178

10.4 Taxing Trade:World Welfare179

10.5 Summary181

CHAPTER PROBLEMS181

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING182

APPENDIX:Tariffs and the Offer Curve182

CHAPTER 11 The Political Economy of Protection187

11.1 Protection as a Device for Raising Revenue187

11.2 Commercial Policy as a Second-Best Device189

11.3 Protection and Rent-Seeking Activities192

11.4 Growth,Protection,and Welfare197

11.5 Protection and Unemployment200

11.6 Summary200

CHAPTER PROBLEMS201

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING201

CHAPTER 12 Trade Policy and Imperfect Competition203

12.1 Monopoly and the Gains from Trade203

12.2 Cartels and the Interests of Producing and Consuming Countries207

12.3 Monopoly and Policies of Exporting and Importing Countries209

12.4 Intellectual Property Rights218

12.5 Summary220

CHAPTER PROBLEMS221

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING222

APPENDIX:International Duopoly and National Strategy223

CHAPTER 13 Trade Controls in Practice227

13.1 Tariffs:Levels and Trends227

13.2 Multilateral Tariff Reduction229

13.3 Devices for Special Protection233

13.4 Special Protection in Action236

13.5 Prospects for Special Protection241

13.6 Summary242

CHAPTER PROBLEMS243

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING244

CHAPTER 14 Preferential Arrangements and Regional Issues in Trade Policy245

14.1 Regional Preferences and Regional Trade245

14.2 Welfare Effects of Trade Preferences247

14.3 Preferential Arrangements in Practice251

14.4 Trade Problems of the Economies in Transition257

14.5 Trade and Growth:China and the Asian NICs260

14.6 Preferential Arrangements:New Policy Issues264

14.7 Summary267

CHAPTER PROBLEMS269

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING269

PART Ⅳ MONEY,INCOME,AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS271

CHAPTER 15 The Balance of Payments Accounts273

15.1 Breakdown of the Accounts275

15.2 How Individual Transactions Are Recorded278

15.3 Double-Entry Bookkeeping280

15.4 The Balances282

15.5 Statistical Errors in the Payments Accounts286

15.6 Summary288

CHAPTER PROBLEMS288

CHAPTER 16 The Foreign Exchange Market and Trade Elasticities291

16.1 The Flow of Supply and Demand for Foreign Exchange291

16.2 Empirical Effects of Devaluation on the Trade Balance297

16.3 Summary300

CHAPTER PROBLEMS301

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING303

APPENDIX:Stability of the Foreign Exchange Market303

CHAPTER 17 National Income and the Trade Balance307

17.1 The Small-Country Keynesian Model307

17.2 The National Saving-Investment Identity309

17.3 Multipliers310

17.4 The Transfer Problem314

17.5 For a Large Country:The Two-Country Keynesian Model316

17.6 Summary321

CHAPTER PROBLEMS322

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING324

APPENDIX:The Two-Country Model in Graphical Form324

CHAPTER 18 Spending and the Exchange Rate in the Keynesian Model327

18.1 Transmission of Disturbances327

18.2 Expenditure-Switching and Expenditure-Reducing Policies330

18.3 Monetary Factors337

18.4 Summary343

CHAPTER PROBLEMS344

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING346

APPENDIX A:The Laursen-Metzler-Harberger Effect346

APPENDIX B:The Assignment Problem350

CHAPTER 19 The Money Supply,the Price Level,and the Balance of Payments353

19.1 The Nonsterilization Assumption353

19.2 The Purchasing Power Parity Assumption358

19.3 Purchasing Power Parity in a Hyperinflation369

19.4 PPP in the Model of the Balance of Payments372

19.5 Summary374

CHAPTER PROBLEMS375

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING377

APPENDIX A:The Gold Standard378

APPENDIX B:Reserve Flows After Spending Increase and Devaluation382

APPENDIX C:The Determination of the Balance of Payments in the Monetarist Model384

CHAPTER 20 Developing Countries and Other Small Open Economies with Nontraded Goods391

20.1 Nontraded Goods392

20.2 Expenditure and the Relative Price of Nontraded Goods395

20.3 The Monetary Approach with Nontraded Goods401

20.4 Summary407

CHAPTER PROBLEMS407

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING408

PART Ⅴ INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THEIR MACROECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS409

CHAPTER 21 The Globalization of Financial Markets411

21.1 The Postwar Financial System(1944-1973)412

21.2 The Foreign Exchange Market414

21.3 Liberalization419

21.4 Innovation426

21.5 Advantages of Financial Integration435

21.6 Summary439

CHAPTER PROBLEMS439

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING440

APPENDIX:The Effect of a Budget Deficit Under Intertemporal Optimization441

CHAPTER 22 The Mundell-Fleming Model with Partial International Capital Mobility445

22.1 The Model447

22.2 Fiscal Policy and the Degree of Capital Mobility Under Fixed Rates450

22.3 Monetary Policy and the Degree of Capital Mobility Under Fixed Rates452

22.4 When Money Flows Are Not Sterilized454

22.5 Other Automatic Mechanisms of Adjustment456

22.6 The Pursuit of Internal and External Balance457

22.7 Summary460

CHAPTER PROBLEMS461

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING461

APPENDIX:Zones of Internal and External Balance461

CHAPTER 23 Fiscal and Monetary Policy Under Modern Financial Market Conditions467

23.1 Fiscal Policy Under Floating:An Effect Mitigated by Capital Mobility468

23.2 Monetary Policy Under Floating:An Effect Enhanced by Capital Mobility474

23.3 Policy Under Perfect Capital Mobility477

23.4 Summary486

CHAPTER PROBLEMS486

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING487

CHAPTER 24 Crises in Emerging Markets489

24.1 Inflows to Emerging Markets489

24.2 Managing Outflows498

24.3 Speculative Attacks499

24.4 Contagion504

24.5 IMF Country Programs506

24.6 Contractionary Effects of Devaluation510

24.7 Capital Controls515

24.8 Reform of International Financial Architecture518

24.9 Summary520

CHAPTER PROBLEMS521

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING522

CHAPTER 25 Interdependence and Policy Coordination525

25.1 International Transmission of Disturbances Under Floating Exchange Rates525

25.2 Econometric Models of the Interdependent World Economy530

25.3 International Macroeconomic Policy Coordination535

25.4 Summary540

CHAPTER PROBLEMS540

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING541

CHAPTER 26 Supply and Inflation543

26.1 The Aggregate Supply Relationship543

26.2 Supply Relationship with Indexed Wages551

26.3 Inflation554

26.4 Alternative Anchors for a Country's Money556

26.5 The Choice of Exchange Rate Regime559

26.6 Summary567

CHAPTER PROBLEMS568

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING568

PART Ⅵ THE DETERMINATION OF EXCHANGE RATES IN INTERNATIONAL ASSET MARKETS571

CHAPTER 27 Expectations,Money,and the Determination of the Exchange Rate573

27.1 Interest Rate Parity Conditions573

27.2 The Monetary Model of Exchange Rates with Flexible Prices575

27.3 Two Examples of the Importance of Expectations585

27.4 Overshooting and the Real Exchange Rate588

27.5 Two More Examples of the Importance of Expectations599

27.6 Summary603

CHAPTER PROBLEMS604

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING605

CHAPTER 28 Exchange Rate Forecasting and Risk607

28.1 Forecasting the Spot Exchange Rate607

28.2 The Role of Exchange Risk612

28.3 Portfolio Balance Effects on the Exchange Rate616

28.4 Summary620

CHAPTER PROBLEMS621

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING622

PART Ⅶ SUPPLEMENTS FOR SELECTED CHAPTERS1

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 2:The Equations of Exchange Equilibrium3

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 3:Stability and Comparative Statics in the Basic Trade Model10

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 5:The Specific-Factors Model of Production17

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 6:The Two-Sector Heckscher-Ohlin Model22

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 10:Real Incomes,Prices,and the Tariff27

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 11:Tariffs,Growth,and Welfare33

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 12:Imperfect Competition,Trade Restrictions,and Welfare39

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 16:Import and Export Elasticities43

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 19:The Monetarist Two-Country Model of the Balance of Payments44

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 24:Debt Dynamics47

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 25:The Locomotive Theory48

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 26:Real Wage Indexation50

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 27:The Monetary Model of the Exchange Rate51

SUPPLEMENT TO CHAPTER 28:The Optimally Diversified Portfolio55

Index1