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1水基钻井液的测试程序2

1 TESTING PROCEDURE OF WATER BASE DRILLINGFLUIDS3

1.1密度2

1.1 DENSITY3

1.2马氏漏斗粘度6

1.2 MARSH FUNNEL VISCOSITY7

1.3塑性粘度、表观粘度和动切力8

1.3 PLASTIC VISCOSITY， APPARENT VISCOSITYAND YIELD POINT9

1.4静切力10

1.4 GEL STRENGTHS11

1.5 API滤失量12

1.5 API FILTRATION13

1.6高温高压滤失量14

1.6 HTHP FILTRATION TEST15

1.7含砂量22

1.7 SAND CONTENT23

1.8钻井液中固相和液相含量的测定24

1.8 MUD SOLID AND LIQUID CONTENTDETERMINATION25

1.9亚甲基蓝测试和阳离子交换容量测定32

1.9 THYLENE BLUE TEST AND CATIONEXCHANGE CAPACITY33

1.10 pH值测定38

1.10 pH DETERMINATION39

1.11电阻率40

1.11 RESISTIVITY41

1.12钻井液粘附系数测定42

1.12 STICKOTER43

1.13膨润土的质量评价46

1.13 ESTIMATION OF BENTONITE CHARACTERESTICS47

1.14钻井液的润滑性和极压润滑仪52

1.14 MUD LUBRICITY AND E. P. TESTER53

2水基钻井液化学分析70

2 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER BASE DRILLINGFLUIDS71

2.1钻井液滤液中Cl-浓度的测定70

2.1 DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONIN MUD FILTRATE71

2.2钻井液滤液碱度的测定72

2.2 DETERMINATION OF ALKALINITY73

2.3以钙计总硬度的测定82

2.3 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL HARDNESSAS CALCIUM83

2.4钻井液滤液中Ca2＋浓度的测定86

2.4 DETERMINATION OF Ca2+ INFILTRATE87

2.5滤液中Mg2＋含量测定90

2.5 DETERMINATION OF Mg2+ INFILTRATE91

2.6硫酸钙含量的测定92

2.6 DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM SULFATECONCENTRATION93

2.7钾离子含量的测定96

2.7 DETERMINATION OF K＋CONCENTRATION97

2.8滤液中硫化物含量的测定108

2.8 DETERMINATION OF SULFIDE CONTENT INMUD FILTRATE109

2.9滤液中亚硫酸根的测定116

2.9 DETERMINATION OF SULFITE IN FILTRATE117

2.10钻井液中甲醛含量的测定118

2.10 DETERMINATION OF FORMALDEHYDE INMUD119

2.11钻井液中高分子量水解聚丙烯酰胺含量的测定122

2.11 DETERMINATION OF H. M. W . HYDROLYZEDPOLYACRYLAMIDE IN DRILLING FLUID123

3油基钻井液的测试程序130

3 TESTING PROCEDURE OF OIL BASE DRILLINGFLUIDS131

3.1水/油逆乳化钻井液电稳定性（破乳电压++的测定130

3.1 DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL STABILITY OFW/O INVERT EMULSION DRILLING FLUID131

3.2水/业逆乳化钻井液化学活度的测定132

3.2 DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL ACTIVITY OFW/O INVERT EMULSION DRILLING FLUID133

3.3水/油逆乳化钻井液的钻井液碱度、氯和钙含量的测定140

3.3 DETERMINATION OF WHOLE MUD ALKALINITY，CHLORIDES AND CALCIUM OF O/W INVERTEMULSION DRILLING FLUID141

3.4水/油逆乳化钻井液中与含盐量、固相、水相和油相含量有关数据的计算148

3.4 CALCULATION OF SALINITY AND SOLID， AQUEEOUSAND OIL CONTENT RELATED DATA OF THE WHOLEW/O INVERT EMULSION DRILLING FLUID149

3.5基础油苯胺点的测定158

3.5 DETERMINATION OF ANILINE POINT OF BASEOIL159

4钻井液材料和添加剂166

4 DRILLG FLUID MATERIALS＆ADDITIVES167

4.1粘土类166

4.1 CLAYS167

4.2加重材料168

4.2 WEIGHTING MATERIALS169

4.3增稠剂／包被剂170

4.3 VISCOSIFIERS／ENCAPSULATORS171

4.4降滤失剂180

4.4 FL CONTROL AGENTS181

4.5降粘剂188

4.5 THINNERS189

4.6页岩抑制剂194

4.6 SHALE INHIBITORS195

4.7胶凝剂（或称流型调节剂）196

4.7 GELLING AGENTS197

4.8润滑剂198

4.8 LUBRICANTS199

4.9清洁剂202

4.9 DETERGENTS203

4.10发泡剂204

4.10 FOAMING AGENTS205

4.11杀菌剂204

4.11 BACTERICIDES205

4.12堵漏剂206

4.12 LOST CIRCULATION MATERIALS207

4.13解卡剂210

4.13 PIPE FREE AGENTS211

4 .14缓蚀剂212

4.14 CORROSION INHIBITORS213

4.15 消泡剂214

4.15 DEFOAMERS215

4.16乳化剂216

4.16 EMULSIFIERS217

4.17油基钻井液添加剂218

4.17 OIL BASE DRILLING FLUID AGENTS219

4.18无机添加剂220

4.18 INORGANIC CHEMICALS221

4.19其他224

4.19 OTHERS225

5钻井液体系228

5 DRILLING FLUID SYSTEMS229

5.1膨润土浆230

5.1 BENTONITE SLURRY231

5 .2 FCLS钻井液234

5.2 FCLS DRILLING FLUID235

5.3钙基钻井液238

5.3 CALCIUM BASE DRILLING FLUID239

5.4盐水钻井液244

5.4 SALT WATER DRILLING FLUID245

5.5 KCI聚合物钻井液248

5.5 KCI-POLYMER DRILLING FLUID249

5.6聚合物—MMH钻井液252

5.6 POLYMER-MMH DRILLING FLUID253

5.7聚合物—磺酸盐—MMH钻井液258

5.7 POLYR-SULFONATES-MMH DRILLINGFLUID259

5.8聚合醇钻井液262

5.8 POLYRIZED-ALCOHOLS DRILLING FLUID263

5.9硅基钻井液266

5.9 SILICATE BASE DRILLING FLUID267

5.10甲酸盐钻井液270

5.10 FORMATE DRILLING FLUID271

5.11油基钻井液274

5.11 OIL BASE DRILLING FLUID275

5.12油包水逆乳化钻井液280

5.2 W/O INVERT EMULSION DRILLING FLUID281

5.13一次性泡沫钻井液292

5.13 DISCHARGEABLE FOAM DRILLING FLUID293

5.14可循环硬胶泡沫钻井液296

5.14 RE-CIRCULATING STIFF FOAM DRILLINGFLUID297

5.15合成基钻井液298

5.15 SYNTHETIC BASE DRILLING FLUID299

5.16不侵入地层钻井液302

5.16 NON-INVASIVE DRILLING FLUID303

6水基钻井液的污染和处理306

6 CONTAMINATION＆TREATMENTS OF WATER BASEDRILLING FLUIDS307

6.1钙、镁污染和处理306

6.1 CALCIUM-MAGNESIUM CONTAMINATION＆TREATNTS307

6.2水泥—石灰污染和处理312

6.2 CEMENT-LIME CONTAMINATION＆TREATMENTS313

6.3盐侵和处理316

6.3 SODIUM CHLORIDE CONTAMINATION＆TREATNTS317

6.4碳酸根和重碳酸根污染和处理320

6.4 CARBONATE＆BICARBONATE CONTAMINATION＆TREATNT321

6.5硫化氢H2S污染的处理324

6.5 HYDROGEN SULFIDE CONTAMINATION＆TREATNT325

6.6原油的侵入和处理326

6.6 CRUDE OIL INTRUSION＆TREATNT327

7油气井压力控制330

7 OIL＆GAS WELL PRESSURE CONTROL331

7.1井内的各种压力330

7.1 DIFFERENT PRESSURES IN WELL BORE331

7.2井底压力变化与井下复杂情况344

7.2 VARIATION OF BOTTOM-HOLE PRESSUREAND DOWN HOLE TROUBLES345

7.3井喷发生的原因和高压油气层的显示和判断352

7.3 CAUSES OF BLOWOUT AND IDENTIFICATION OFABNORMAL PRESSURE FORMATIONS353

7.4压井方法360

7.4 PRESSURE CONTROL THODS361

7.5钻气层和钻井液气侵408

7.5 DRILLING IN GAS FORMATIONS AND MUD GASCUTTING409

7.6钻井液的加重和加重钻井液的维护处理416

7.6 MUD WEIGHTING， TREATNT ANDMAINTENANCE OF WEIGHTED MUD417

8井漏426

8 LOSS OF CIRCULATION427

8.1井漏的原因和类型426

8.1 CAUSES AND TYPES OF LOSS OF CIRCULATION427

8.2井漏的预防432

8.2 PREVENTION OF LOSS OF CIRCULATION433

8.3出现程度不同井漏后的处理措施436

8.3 REDIAL ASURES FOR LOSS OFCIRCULATION437

9井壁稳定444

9 BOREHOLE STABILITY445

9.1井壁不稳定的原因444

9.1 CAUSES OF BOREHOLE INSTABILITY445

9.2井壁不稳定的显示和判断452

9.2 INDICATIONS AND JUDGENTS OF BOREHOLEINSTABILITY453

9.3保持井壁稳定 防止井塌452

9.3 OBTAINING STABILIZED BOREHOLE ANDPREVENTION OF INSTABILITY453

9.4井塌事故处理458

9.4 BOREHOLE INSTABILITY REMEDIAL PROCEDURE459

10卡钻462

10 DRILL STRING STICKING463

10.1压差卡钻462

10.1 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE STICKING463

10.2沉砂卡钻和砂桥卡钻474

10.2 CUTTING PRECIPITATION STICKING ANDCUTTING BRIDGE STICKING475

10.3井塌卡钻478

10.3 FORMATION COLLAPSE STICKING479

10.4缩径卡钻480

10.4 SALT CREEPING AND TIGHT HOLESTICKING481

10.5键槽卡钻482

10.5 KEY SEATING STICKING483

10.6落物卡钻482

10.6 FALLING OBJECT STICKING483

11固相控制484

11 SOLIDS CONTROL485

11.1钻井液中的各种固体484

11.1 SOLIDS CONTAINED IN DRILLING FLUID485

11.2固相控制的内容和目的498

11 .2 CONTENTS AND PURPOSES OF SOLIDSCONTROL499

11.3固相控制设备500

11.3 SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPNT501

11.4固控设备体系的布置530

11.4 ARRANGENTS OF SOLIDS CONTROLEQUIPNT SYSTEM531

11.5固控设备效率评价536

11.5 EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF SOLIDSCONTROL EQUIPMENT537

12水力学550

12 HYDRAULICS551

12.1流动压力损失550

12.1 PRESSURE LOSS551

12.2钻具运动和开泵压力激动562

12 .2 SURGE AND SWAB PRESSURE CAUSFD BYPIPE MOVEMENT AND PUMP STARTING563

12.3岩屑携带566

12 .3 CUTTINGS TRANSPORT567

12.4钻屑在环空中的百分体积含量和考虑钻屑含量的当量钻井液密度570

12.4 DRILLED CUTTINGS CONCENTRATION ANDEFFECTIVE MUD WEIGHT IN ANNULUS571

12.5计算实例572

12.5 EXAMPLE573

13完井液、修井液600

13 COMPLETION AND WORKOVER FLUIDS601

13.1完井液、修井液的功用、分类和性能600

13.1 FUNCTIONS， CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIESOF COMPLETION AND WORKOVER FLUIDS601

13.2清洁盐水完井液、修井液604

13.2 CLEAR BRINE COMPLETION AND WORKOVERFLUIDS605

13.3聚合物—盐水完井液—修井液684

13.3 POLYMER-BRINE COMPLETION ANDWORKOVER FLUIDS685

13.4改进的水基钻井液696

13.4 MODIFIED WATER BASE DRILLINGFLUID697

13.5油基完井液修井液696

13.5 OIL BASE COMPLETION AND WORKOVERFLUIDS697

13.6气体和充气完井液、修井液698

13.6 GAS AND AERATED FLUIDS699

14腐蚀700

14 CORROSION701

14.1电化学腐蚀700

14.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION701

14.2氧腐蚀710

14.2 OXYGEN CORROSION711

14.3二氧化碳腐蚀718

14.3 CO2 CORROSION719

14.4硫化氢腐蚀724

14.4 H2S CORROSION725

14.5细菌腐蚀742

14.5 BACTERIA CORROSION743

附录746

ANNEX747

参考文献820