数据库系统概念 英文版·第3版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

数据库系统概念 英文版·第3版PDF格式电子书版下载

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Preface1

1 Introduction1

1．1 Purpose of Database Systems1

1．2 View of Data4

1．3 Data Models7

1．4 Database Languages12

1．5 Transaction Management13

1．6 Storage Management14

1．7 Database Administrator15

1．8 Database Users15

1．9 Overall System Structure16

1．10 Summary19

Exercises20

Bibliographic Notes20

2．1 Basic Concepts23

2 Entity-Relationship Model23

2．2 Design Issues28

2．3 Mapping Constraints30

2．4 Keys34

2．5 Entity-Relationship Diagram36

2．6 Weak Entity Sets37

2．7 Extended E-R Features41

2．8 Design of an E-R Database Schema47

2．9 Reduction of an E-R Schema to Tables52

2．10 Summary58

Exercises59

Bibliographic Notes62

3 Relational Model63

3．1 Structure of Relational Databases63

3．2 The Relational Algebra71

3．3 The Tuple Relational Calculus86

3．4 The Domain Relational Calculus90

3．5 Extended Relational-Algebra Operatios94

3．6 Modification of the Database100

3．7 Views102

3．8 Summary106

Exercises107

Bibliographic Notes110

4 SQL111

4．1 Background111

4．2 Basic Structure113

4．3 Set Operations120

4．4 Aggregate Functions122

4．5 Null Values124

4．6 Nested Subqueries125

4．7 Derived Relations129

4．8 Views130

4．9 Modification of the Database131

4．10 Joined Relations136

4．11 Data-Definition Language140

4．12 Embedded SQL145

4．13 Other SQL Features148

4．14 Summary148

Exercises149

Bibliographic Notes152

5 Other Relational Languages153

5．1 Query-by-Example153

5．2 Quel165

5．3Datalog174

5．4 Summary188

Exercises188

Bibliographic Notes190

6 Integrity Constraints193

6．1 Domain Constraints193

6．2 Referential Integrity195

6．3 Assertions200

6．4 Triggers201

6．5 Functional Dependencies202

6．6 Summary210

Exercises211

Bibliographic Notes213

7 Relational Database Design215

7．1 Pitfalls in Relational-Database Design215

7．2 Decomposition217

7．3 Normalization Using Functional Dependencies221

7．4 Normalization Using Multivalued Dependencies231

7．5 Normalization Using Join Dependencies239

7．6 Domain-Key Normal Form242

7．7 Alternative Approaches to Database Design244

7．8 Summary246

Exercises247

Bibliographic Notes250

8 Object-Oriented Databases251

8．1 New Database Applications251

8．2 The object-Oriented Data Model253

8．3 Object-Oriented Languages262

8．4 Persistent Programming Languages263

8．5 Persistent C++ Systems267

8．6 Summary271

Exercises272

Bibliographic Notes272

9 Object-Relational Databases275

9．1 Nested Relations275

9．2 Complex Types and Object Orientation278

9．3 Querying with Commplex Types283

9．4 Creation of Complex Values and Objects287

9．5 Comparison of Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Databases288

9．6 Summary289

Exercises289

Bibliographic Notes290

10 Storage and File Structure293

10．1 Overview of Physical Storage Media293

10．2 Magnetic Disks296

10．3 RAID301

10．4 Tertiary Storage307

10．5 Storage Access309

10．6 File Organization312

10．7 Organization of Records in Files318

10．8 Data-Dictionary Storage322

10．9 Storage Structures for Object-Oriented Databases324

10．10 Summary332

Exercises333

Bibliographic Notes336

11 Indexing and Hashing339

11．1 Basic Concepts339

11．2 Ordered Indices340

11．3 B+-Tree Index Files346

11．4 B-Tree Index Files356

11．5 Static Hashing358

11．6 Dynamic Hashing362

11．7 Comparison of Ordered Indexing and Hashing369

11．8 Index Definition in SQL371

11．9 Multiple-Key Access372

11．10 Summary377

Exercises378

Bibliographic Notes379

12 Query Processing381

12．1 Overview381

12．2 Catalog Information for Cost Estimation384

12．4 Selection Operation386

12．3 Measures of Query Cost386

12．5 Sorting394

12．6 Join Operation397

12．7 Other Operations410

12．8 Evaluation of Expressions413

12．9 Transformation of Relational Expressions418

12．10 Choice of Evaluation Plans426

12．11 Summary432

Exercises434

Bibliographic Notes437

13 Transactions439

13．1 Transaction Concept439

13．2 Transaction State443

13．3 Implementation of Atomicity and Durability445

13．4 Concurrent Executions447

13．5 Serializability451

13．6 Recoverability456

13．7 Implementation of Isolation457

13．8 Transaction Definition in SQL458

13．9 Testing for Serializability459

13．10 Summary465

Exercises467

Bibliographic Notes468

14 Concurrency Control471

14．1 Lock-Based Protocols471

14．2 Timestamp-Based Protocols482

14．3 Validation-Based Protocols485

14．4 Multiple Granularity487

14．5 Multiversion Schemes490

14．6 Deadlock Handling492

14．7 Insert and Delete Operations497

14．8 Concurrency in Index Structures500

14．9 Summary503

Exercises504

Bibliographic Notes508

15 Recovery System511

15．1 Failure Classification511

15．2 Storage Structure512

15．3 Recovery and Atomicity516

15．4 Log-Based Recovery517

15．5 Shadow Paging525

15．6 Recovery with Concurrent Transactions528

15．7 Buffer Management531

15．8 Failure with Loss of Nonvolatile Storage534

15．9 Advanced Recovery Techniques535

15．10 Summary539

Exercises540

Bibliographic Notes541

16 Database System Architectures543

16．1 Centralized Systems544

16．2 Client-Server Systems545

16．3 Parallel Systems549

16．4 Distributed Systems555

16．5 Network Types558

16．6 Summary560

Exercises561

Bibliographic Notes562

17 Parallel Databases565

17．1 Introduction565

17．2 I/O Parallelism566

17．3 Interquery Parallelism569

17．4 Intraquery Parallelism570

17．5 Intraoperation parallelism571

17．6 Interoperation Parallelism579

17．7 Design of Parallel Systems582

Exercises583

17．8 Summary583

Bibliographic Notes585

18 Distributed Databases587

18．1 Distributed Data Storage588

18．2 Network Transparency593

18．3 Distributed Query Processing596

18．4 Distributed Transaction Model599

18．5 Commit Protocols604

18．6 Coordinator Selection612

18．7 Concurrency Control613

18．8 Deadlock Handling617

18．9 Multidatabase Systems622

18．10 Summary626

Exercises628

Bibliographic Notes631

19．1 Security and Integrity633

19 Special Topics633

19．2 Standardization644

19．3 Performance Benchmarks647

19．4 Performance Tuning650

19．5 Time in Databases655

19．6 User Interfaces657

19．7 Active Databases660

19．8 Summary663

Exercises664

Bibliographic Notes666

20 Advanced Transaction Processing669

20．1 Remote Backup Systems669

20．2 Transaction-Processing Monitors672

20．3 High-Performance Transaction Systems676

20．4 Long-Duration Transactions679

20．5 Real-Time Transaction Systems685

20．6 Weak Levels of Consistency686

20．7 Transactional Workflows687

20．8 Summary693

Exercises694

Bibliographic Notes695

21 New Applications697

21．1 Decision-Support Systems698

21．2 Data Analysis700

21．3 Data Mining702

21．4 Data Warehousing708

21．5 Spatial and Geographic Databases710

21．6 Multimedia Databases719

21．7 Mobility and Personal Databases722

21．8 Information-Retrieval Systems726

21．9 Distributed Information Systems731

21．10 The World Wide Web733

21．11 Summary740

Exercises741

Bibliographic Notes743

A Network Model747

A．1 Basic Concepts747

A．2 Data-Structure Diagrams748

A．3 The DBTG CODASYL Model750

A．4 Implementation Techniques752

A．5 Discussion752

B Hierarchical Model755

B．1 Basic Concepts755

B．2 Tree-Structure Diagrams756

B．3 Implementation Techniques759

B．4 The IMS Database System760

B．5 Discussion761

Bibliography763

Index809