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广义梯级含义理论及其应用PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载
- 龚卫东，韩晓玲著 著
- 出版社： 保定：河北大学出版社
- ISBN：9787810974073
- 出版时间：2009
- 标注页数：254页
- 文件大小：7MB
- 文件页数：270页
- 主题词：语言学－英文
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图书目录
Chapter One Introduction1
1.1 Preliminary Remarks1
1.2 A Broad Preview of Scalar Implicatures2
1.3 Rationale of the Present Research4
1.4 Objectives of the Current Research8
1.5 Significance of the Current Research8
1.6 Layout of the Book9
Chapter Two Literature Review13
2.1 Introduction13
2.2 The Gricean Framework of Meaning Classification14
2.3 Grice's Theory of Implicatures:The Cooperative Principle15
2.4 Two Mainstream Approaches to Scalar Implicature18
2.4.1 The Neo-Gricean Approach18
2.4.2 The Post-Gricean Approach25
2.5 Interim Summary31
2.6 Scalar Implicatures in Experimental Pragmatics32
2.7 Problems with the Previous Accounts33
2.8 Summary35
Chapter Three Theoretical Framework36
3.1 Introduction36
3.2 Empirical Observation37
3.3 Cognitive Orientation42
3.3.1 Conceptual Scales42
3.3.2 Pragmatic Scales as Conceptual Scales45
3.3.3 Scalar Models49
3.3.4 Two Properties of Scalar Models55
3.3.5 Four Major Kinds of Scalar Logic57
3.4 Pragmatic Constraints on Scalar Implicatures60
3.5 Summary63
Chapter Four Scalar Implicatures via Polarity Items65
4.1 Introduction65
4.2 Polarity Sensitivity of Polarity Items67
4.2.1 Polarity Items68
4.2.2 Polarity Context72
4.3 The Semantic Approaches to Polarity Items74
4.3.1 Affectivity as Downward Entailment:Ladusaw(1979)75
4.3.2 Affectivity as Negation:Baker(1970)and Linebarger(1980)77
4.4 Scalar Model of Polarity Items(SMP)83
4.4.1 The Journey Through the Study of Scalar Model83
4.4.2 The Initial SMP89
4.4.3 Comments on the Initial SMP97
4.4.4 The Revised SMP99
4.4.5 Comparison Between the Initial SMP and the Revised SMP102
4.4.6 Cognitive Understanding of the Revised SMP104
4.4.7 Comments on the Revised SMP111
4.5 Supplements to the Revised SMP111
4.5.1 The Pragmatic Constraints on the Revised SMP112
4.5.2 Solutions to the Three Untouched Issues120
4.6 Summary129
Chapter Five Scalar Implicatures via Even as a Scalar Operator130
5.1 Introduction130
5.2 A General Survey of Previous Studies on Even131
5.2.1 The Argumentative Approach to Even132
5.2.2 The Semantic Approaches to Even133
5.2.3 The Pragmatic Approaches to Even143
5.2.4 The Scalar Approaches to Even152
5.3 A Dynamic Cognitive-pragmatic Approach to Even163
5.3.1 Relevance-oriented Procedural Meaning of Even164
5.3.2 Ad hoc Pragmatic Scales and the Dynamic Scalar Interpretation of Even-sentences168
5.4 Summary176
Chapter Six Scalar Implicatures via Hyperbolic Metaphors178
6.1 Introduction178
6.2 Hyperbolic Metaphors and Their Classifications180
6.2.1 Definition of Hyperbolic Metaphors181
6.2.2 Two Types of Hyperbolic Metaphors181
6.3 Class-inclusion Theory and Novel Hyperbolic Metaphors183
6.3.1 Identification of Novel Metaphors183
6.3.2 The Standard Pragmatic Theory of Metaphor Comprehension184
6.3.3 Class-inclusion Theory of Metaphor Comprehension185
6.4 Scalar Implicatures of Hyperbole193
6.4.1 Two Basic Computational Rules for Scalar Implicature193
6.4.2 The Great Chain of Being195
6.4.3 Scalar Implicature of Hyperbole198
6.5 Scalar Implicature of Novel Hyperbolic Metaphors200
6.5.1 Construction of Ad hoc Categories and Ad hoc Pragmatic Scales200
6.5.2 Scalar Implicature of Novel Hyperbolic Metaphors203
6.5.3 Revisiting Glucksberg's Classic Examples209
6.6 Scalar Implicature of Conventionalized Hyperbolic Metaphors210
6.6.1 Drawbacks of Lakoff et al's Conceptual Metaphor Theory211
6.6.2 Counterfactual Thinking212
6.6.3 Scalar Implicature of Conventionalized Hyperbolic Metaphors213
6.7 Summary229
Chapter Seven Conclusion230
7.1 Introduction230
7.2 Summary of the Major Findings231
7.2.1 Findings Relating to the Extended Theory of Scalar Implicatures231
7.2.2 Findings Concerning the Applications of the Extended Theory of Scalar Implicatures233
7.3 Practical Implications of the Current Research234
7.4 Limitations of the Current Research237
7.4.1 Limitations in the Source of Data237
7.4.2 Limitations in the Explications of the Findings238
7.5 Suggestions for Further Study239
References241